Illustrate Cultural Theory

This week, you have been exposed to multiple cultural theories. For this assignment, choose two theories and compare and contrast these theories in an infographic. Your infographic should include:
The major tenants and assumptions of both theories side by side
The strengths of both theories
The limitations of both theories
Two application examples of each theory in a real-world setting
Information on creating an infographic,
Spotlight on Skills: Creating an Infographic
An infographic is a visual representation of knowledge or data to present
information quickly and clearly. Infographics will help explain your
knowledge of complex processes to others in a simple, graphic manner.
An infographic is a fairly easy and creative method to explain more complex
concepts clearly. Generally, an infographic is a single page in length and
consists of graphics and key concepts. While a Venn diagram is a typical
form of an infographic (as Venn diagrams show
both concepts and the common overlap of concepts), modern technologies
are now available to help you be creative! In fact, you will find a simple
Internet search may locate more examples than you could possibly think of.
Here are just a few options.
Prezi:
• Prezi free basic account – https://prezi.com/signup/basic/
• Prezi Support – https://support.prezi.com/hc/en-us
Easelly:
• Signup with easel.ly – https://www.easel.ly/auth/register
• Easelly: Infographic Design Tips & Tutorials –
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8yC7RlJsYxE0UX32y1X1-w
Google Charts:
Spotlight on Skills
• Interactive charts for browsers and mobile devices –
https://developers.google.com/chart/
• Using Google Charts –
hhttps://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/
• Note: Please add an attribution at the end of the page if you are using
Google Charts to create your infographic.
Piktochart:
• Piktochart Login – https://create.piktochart.com/
• How to Create an Infographic and Other Visual Projects in 5 Minutes
[Infographic] – https://piktochart.com/blog/how-to-create-aninfographic-and-other-visual-projects-in-5-minutes/

Length: 1-page infographic comparing the two culture theories
References: Include a minimum of 3 scholarly resources.
The completed assignment should address all of the assignment requirements, exhibit evidence of concept knowledge, and demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the content presented in the course. The writing should integrate scholarly resources, reflect academic expectations and current APA standards
Info:
Theories of Culture
To navigate cultural differences, HR professionals in global organizations or in global organizations with diverse workforces may need to develop their understanding of specific cultures. One of the options offered is to turn to the work of anthropologists and sociologists who have researched the differences between cultures in various societies.
A number of cultural theorists can be explored; however, you will focus on three cultural theories that are commonly reviewed by HR professionals. The theories are high and low context cultures by Edward T. Hall, dimensions of culture by Gert Hofstede, and cultural dilemmas theory by Fons Troy Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner. Please see the interaction below for a summation of each theory:

Often found in global HR practice is Edward T. Hall’s concept of high and low context cultures (Carolina, 2019).
Hall believed that the identity of culture as high or low context lay in answer to the question: “How much context or unspoken context does a comment or action require to be interpreted by someone?” Or more precisely, in a culture with a low meaning, what you say is what you think, but in a culture with a high context, what you say is not actually what you mean.
Similarly, the six dimensions of culture theory by Geert Hofstede stem from his studies into cultural disparities at IBM in the 1970s. His studies have since then been researched in many countries, among various occupations and industries. The six dimensions defined are listed below:
Power Distance describes the manner in which power is spread in society and how inequality is viewed by the less powerful members of the community.
Individualism/collectivism describes two contrasting views of how society’s participants relate to one another.
Uncertainty avoidance describes how a culture’s participants feel about ambiguity and uncertainty.
Masculine/feminine describes the degree to which a society embodies particular stereotypical representations of gender as cultural distinctions.
Long-term/short-term is described as the way society views the effects of the past on the future.
Indulgence/restraint refers to how the gratification of desires is viewed.
Lastly, Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner have based their research on interviews with Shell managers worldwide (SHRM, 2020). Building on the work of Talcott Parsons, Edward Hall, and Clyde Kluckhohn and Frank Strodtbeck, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, posed seven “dilemmas” or alternatives that highlight the fundamental contradictions between cultures (SHRM, 2020). You will find continuity with some of these “dilemmas” with Hofstede’s “dimensions” (Hofstede, 2011).
Universal/particular. In a universal culture, each case is regulated by a given set of laws. However, in a particular culture, the meaning of each situation is considered.
Individual/communitarian (or collectivist). In an individualistic society, participants are free to consider their own interests and opportunities before acting. Members in collectivist societies must understand how their decisions would impact the community as a whole. To this point, they are individually less “free.”
Neutral/affective. Neutral cultures regulate external expression with restraint, while affective cultures are more likely to show feelings in public.
Specific/diffuse. This dilemma, as neutral/affective, relates to the boundary between private and public life.
Achieved/ascribed. In an achieved culture, people are judged on their own merits. In an ascribed culture, people are judged by class, wealth, ethnicity, or family relations.
Sequential/synchronic. Sequential cultures view time as linear. Synchronic cultures view time as more fluid and forgiving.
During this week, you will explore various cultural theories and how they influence organizational culture.
References
Carolina, T. (2019). Dimensions of national culture – Cross-cultural theories. Studies in Business & Economics, 14(3), 220–230. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2019-0055
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Society of Human Resources Management. (2020). Culture. SHRM Learning System.

Additional References:
Dimensions of National Culture-Cross-Cultural Theories
Carolina, T. (2019). Dimensions of national culture – cross-cultural theories. Studies in Business & Economics, 14(3), 220–230.
The purpose of this article is to review cultural context research by examining works by Edward T. Hall and Geert Hofstede.
Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1).
This article reviews the culture research by culture expert Geert Hofstede and his model of the six dimensions of national cultures.
Determinants and Effects of Cultural Context: A Review, Conceptual Model, and Propositions
Manrai, L. A., Manrai, A. K., Lascu, D., & Friedeborn, S. (2019). Determinants and effects of cultural context: A review, conceptual model, and propositions. Journal of Global Marketing, 32(2), 67.
This article further reviews the theorist Edward Hall’s pioneering work on “Silent Languages” of time, space, material possessions, friendship patterns, and agreements and his conceptualization of cultures as low-context and high-context.
Leading Organizations Across Cultures
Pogosyan, M. (n.d.). Leading organizations across cultures. Psychology Today.
This article further discusses the six dimensions of culture and its impact on the contemporary organization.

Tero Trainers. (2016, November 8). What is the difference between a high-context and low-context culture? [Video]. YouTube.
This video gives a visualization of the differences between high and low context culture theory.

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