In 1959 Gregory Bateson authored a paper about the double-bind. What is a double-bind and what is its significance for understanding human relations?

four questions
each question must have 3 refernces miniumum
each answer should be 350 words
each question should be answered on a separate page with its own references/bibliography

QUESTIONS:

1. In 1959 Gregory Bateson authored a paper about the
double-bind. What is a double-bind and what is its significance for
understanding human relations?

2. Ren Girards theory of desire offers us a new
understanding of why and how human beings want what they want. What exactly is
Girards understanding? Do you agree with the above statement? Why or why not?

3. According to Freud, how does the human mind function?

4. Human beings regularly project all of their troubles onto
scapegoats. Assess this statement and offer reasons for your view.
this is a pshychology paper, use Freud regurarly

SAMPLE ANSWER
Sample
answer (of q.5):
Beginning with his 1961 work Deceit,
Desire, and the Novel [Fr.
Mensonge romantique
et vrit Romanesque],
the
philosopher and cultural theorist Ren Girard (1923-2015) outlined a theory of
human desire that took the idea of mimesis as its starting point. By this,
Girard meant that the human beings desires are fundamentally imitative; while
we do not need to learn to have appetitive drives (for instance, to quench our
thirst, sate our hunger, seek warmth, and so on), we do learn to desire what we
desire (Girard 1-4).
About
85 words so far. Maybe cover what else is essential to the topic in another
85-100 words. Then? Then maybe something like
The question of the newness of Girards
theory is a vexed one. There is no question that Girards theory has several
precedents. Most likely the earliest of these was Aristotles claim in Poetics that
the human is the most mimetic creature in the world (Cited in Fleming 95.)
And similar or at least overlapping claims about human imitation were made
by Spinoza, Rousseau and Hobbes, amongst others (Palaver 95-110). What is
distinct about Girards conception is
Bibliography
Fleming, Chris. Ren
Girard: Violence and Mimesis. Cambridge and New York: Polity, 2004.
Girard, Ren. Deceit,
Desire, and the Novel:
Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero.
Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966.
Palaver, Wolfgang. Ren
Girards Mimetic Theory.
Trans. Gabriel Borrud.
East Lansing: Michigan State University
Press, 2013.

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