In post abdominal patients, how does gum chewing compared to not chewing gum affect rates of postoperative ileus?

See attached articles to use as references and you may use additional references
The evidence review paper is to have the following sections with appropriate headings per APA.
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Why is this topic important?
Include the probem statement

METHODS: Decribe the methods used in each article attached
RESULTS: include at least one paragraph per piece of evidence of each attached article with information about the study
DISCUSSION: Discuss strengths and weaknesses of studies limitations, gaps in research. Synthesize a summary that includes identification of commonalitie and differences in study findings. (Find information in attached files.)
CONCLUION AND IMPLICATIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on the evidence, describe how the change would be implemented and evaluated.

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