Moon-Kie Jung substantiates how a racial hierarchy existed in pre-World War II Hawai’i’s sugar plantations. Explain how this hierarchical arrangement served to disable labor unionization efforts. Why does Jung advise against the use of “Asian American” in the study of Asian American history?

In 300-400 words please answer question 1 OR 2 . In 250-300 words please answer the the remaining questions.

Moon-Kie Jung substantiates how a racial hierarchy existed in pre-World War II Hawai’i’s sugar plantations. Explain how this hierarchical arrangement served to disable labor unionization efforts. Why does Jung advise against the use of “Asian American” in the study of Asian American history? *Reading uploaded*

2. Using Claire Jean Kim’s model of racial triangulation, explain why Black folks are placed as “insiders but not foreign” on the field of racial positions. Where would Latinx groups fall on this field? Offer some brief explanation. *Reading uploaded*

Drawing on any reading we have completed thus far in the course, explicate how a depiction of Asian Americans as being “overrepresented” in a certain profession or educational setting is problematic and, potentially, racist.

Define double consciousness. Provide an interview excerpt from the reading “Internalized racial oppression” by Monica M. Trieu and Hana C. Lee on internalized racial oppression that exhibits double consciousness in effect. *Reading uploaded*

Identify how Vietnamese immigrants engage in “niche stretching” as they build nail salon businesses into a mass service. In your answer, explain why “beauty work” is a type of labor into which Vietnamese workers are channeled.

In considering reading and lecture material on the history of Asian American activism, contrast two characteristics of Asian American communities today as compared to the 1960s. How does this shift in characteristics alter the way activism is carried out today?

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