The essay is written for a Master’s degree student.
The structure of the essay should be as following:
– Introduction: has to be veryyyyy brief just to introduce topic with around 100 words. We write the essay to a professor and should not write it as we present it to a student who is not aware of the topic. (sorry for mentioning it, but before I had some troubles with other writers)
-Discussion part : we present our answer and support it with solid reasons and references.
– conclusion: just put our opinion in a nutshell
Word count must be above 2000 without a reference list.
While stating someone’s opinion it should be as (Bickel, 2007: 230)
the language should be formal and clear. please, proofread it before submitting. Again I had bad experiences regarding this. Professors are checking everything in detail.
Recommended references:
More on morphological universals:
1. Bobaljik, J. (2008). Missing persons: a case study in morphological universals. The Linguistic Review 25 (1-2): 203-230.
2. Bobaljik, J. (2012). Universals in Comparative Morphology: Suppletion, Superlatives, and the Structure of Words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
3. Gaeta, L. (2003) Word formation and typology: which language universals? In: G. Booik, E. Guevara, A. Ralli, S. Sgroi & S. Scalise (eds). Morphology and Linguistic Typology, On-line Proceedings of the 4th Mediterranean Morphology Meeting (MMM4).
4. Guevara, E. (2008). Searching for universals in compounding. In: S. Scalise, E. Magni & E. Bisetto (eds). Universals of Language Today. Dordrecht: Springer, 101-128.
5. Mithun, M. (2017). Affix ordering: motivation and interpretation. In: A. Hippisley & G. Stump (eds). Te Cambridge Handbook of Morphology. Cambridge: CUP, 149-185.
6. Moskal, B. (2015). Limits on allomorphy: a case study in nominal suppletion. Linguistic Inquiry 46(2): 363-376.
7. Nichols, J. (1992). Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time. Chicago: CUP. Orsolini, M. & W. Marslen-Wilson (1997). Universals in morphological representation: evidence from Italian. Language and Cognitive Processes 12(1): 1-47.
8. Smith, P., B. Moskal, T. Xu, J. Kang & J. Bobaljik (2019). Case and number suppletion in pronouns. Natural Language and Linguistic Teory 37: 1029- 1101.
9. Spencer, A. (2006). Morphological universals. In: R. Mairal & J. Gil (eds), Linguistic Universals. Cambridge: CUP, 101-129.
Morphological typology and diachronic change.
1. Albright, A. (2008). Explaining universal tendencies and language particulars in analogical change. In: J. Good (ed.). Linguistic Universals and Language Change. Oxford: OUP,144-184.
2. Anderson, S. (2004). Morphological universals and diachrony. Yearbook of Morphology 2004: 1-17.
3. Antonov, A. (2013). Harmonization and disharmonization of affix ordering and basic word order. Linguistic Typology 17(2):187217.
4. Bybee, J. (1988). Te diachronic dimension in explanation. In: J. Hawkins (ed.). Explaining Language Universals. Oxford: Blackwell, 350-379.
5. Caballero, G. (2010). Scope, phonology and morphology in an agglutinating language: Choguita Rarmuri (Tarahumara) variable suffix ordering.Morphology 20: 165-204.
6. Creissels, D. (2008). Direct and indirect explanations of typological regularities: the case of alignment variations. Folia Linguistica 42(1): 138.
7. Garrett, A. (2008). Paradigmatic uniformity and markedness. In: J. Good (ed.). Linguistic Universals and Language Change. Oxford: OUP, 125-143.
8. Grossman, Eitan. 2016. From rarum to rarissimum: an unexpected zero person marker. Linguistic Typology 20(1): 123.
9. Grossman, E., A. Antonov & G. Jacques (2018). A cross-linguistic rarity in synchrony and diachrony: adverbial subordinator prefixes exist. STUF 71 (4): 513 – 538.
10. Haspelmath, M. (2008). Creating economical morphosyntactic patterns in language change. J. Good (ed.). Linguistic Universals and Language Change. Oxford: OUP, 185-212.
11. Hning, M. (2019). Morphological theory and diachronic change: In: J. Audring & F. Masini (eds). Te Oxford Handbook of Morphological Teory. Oxford: OUP, 476- 492.
12. Kiparsky, P. (2008). Universals contrain change; change results in typological generalizations. In: J. Good (ed.). Linguistic Universals and Language Change. Oxford: OUP, 23-53.
13. Kuteva, T. (2008). On the explanatory value of grammaticalization. J. Good (ed.). Linguistic Universals and Language Change. Oxford: OUP, 215-232.
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