My master’s program is in Public Administration – Non-Profit
Management. The instructions, rubric, textbook readings, presentations, and
other required documents are attached. The
name of this course is PPOL505: Applied Public Policy Research Methods: Public
Administration Praxis: Legal & Contemporary Issues (B01). Please be sure to
read all the documents in their entirety.
Each practice exercises
assignment will consist of questions related to the course material for that Module:
Week. These exercises are meant to provide you with practice and application of
the various concepts you will be studying each week. Practice will help
solidify these statistical concepts in a way that simply reading about them
cannot.
Complete the following exercises from your
Salkind text. Be sure to copy and paste any required SPSS output into a Word
document. Save all of your work as one single Word file and upload it for
grading. Show your work when required.
·
Chapter 4, “Time to Practice” question 3
1. Time to Practice Video
Chapter 4: Problem 3
Identify whether these distributions are negatively
skewed, positively skewed, or not skewed at all and explain why you
describe them that way.
This talented group of athletes scored very high on
the vertical jump task.
On this incredibly crummy test, everyone received the
same score.
On the most difficult spelling test of the year, the
third graders wept as the scores were delivered and then their parents
complained.
Use the data available as Chapter 4 Data Set 3 on pie preference to create a pie chart
☺ using SPSS.
For each of the following, indicate whether you would
use a pie, line, or bar chart and why.
The proportion of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and
seniors in a particular university
Change in temperature over a 24-hour period
Number of applicants for four different jobs
Percentage of test takers who passed
Number of people in each of 10 categories
Provide an example of when you might use each of the
following types of charts. For example, you would use a pie chart to show
the proportion of children who receive a reduced-price lunch that are in
Grades 1 through 6. When you are done, draw the fictitious chart by hand.
Line
Bar
Scatter/dot (extra credit)
Go to the library or online and find a journal article
in your area of interest that contains empirical data but does not contain
any visual representation of them. Use the data to create a chart. Be sure
to specify what type of chart you are creating and why you chose the one
you did. You can create the chart manually or using SPSS or Excel.
Create the worst-looking chart that you can, crowded
with chart and font junk. Nothing makes as lasting an impression as
a bad example.
And, finally, what is the purpose of a chart or graph?
·
Chapter 5, “Time to Practice” question 6
1.
Chapter 5: Problem 6
The coefficient of determination between two variables
is .64. Answer the following questions:
What is the Pearson correlation coefficient?
How strong is the relationship?
How much of the variance in the relationship between
these two variables is unaccounted for?
Here is a set of three variables for each of 20
participants in a study on recovery from a head injury. Create a simple
matrix that shows the correlations between each variable. You can do this
by hand (and plan on being here for a while) or use SPSS or any other
application. These data are saved as Chapter 5 Data Set 6.
Age at Injury
Level
of Treatment
12-Month
Treatment Score
25
1
78
16
2
66
8
2
78
23
3
89
31
4
87
19
4
90
15
4
98
31
5
76
21
1
56
26
1
72
24
5
84
25
5
87
36
4
69
45
4
87
16
4
88
23
1
92
31
2
97
53
2
69
11
3
79
33
2
69
Look at Table 5.4. What type of correlation coefficient would you use to
examine the relationship between biological sex (defined in this study as
having only two categories: male or female) and political affiliation? How
about family configuration (two-parent or single-parent) and high school
GPA? Explain why you selected the answers you did.
When two variables are correlated (such as strength and
running speed), they are associated with one another. Explain how, even if
there is a correlation between the two, one might not cause the other.
Provide three examples of an association between two
variables where a causal relationship makes perfect sense conceptually.
Why can’t correlations be used as a tool to prove a
causal relationship between variables rather than just an association?
When would you use partial correlation?
·
Chapter 6, “Time to Practice” question 4
1.
Chapter 6: Problem 5
In general terms, describe what a test would be like if
it were reliable but not valid. Now, can you do the same for a test that
is valid but not reliable?
When testing any experimental hypothesis, why is it
important that the test you use to measure the outcome be both reliable
and valid?
Describe the differences among content-based,
predictive criterion-based, and construct-based validity. Give examples of
how each of these is measured.
Describe the steps that you would take to establish the
construct-based validity of an observational paper-and-pencil test that
assesses “thinking outside the box.”
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