Read and summarize the article, include the following in the article.
Article name: Prolactin, fatherhood, and reproductive behavior in human males.
Each article summary should be about 2 pages in length and include the following components:
1. The goals and objectives of the study. In other words, what overall questions were the authors trying to answer and what were the specific actions that they took to answer these questions?
If the article that you have been assigned is a case study, you can simply indicate that the goal of the article was to describe the symptoms or physiological alterations associated with the condition in question. The objectives would include HOW the authors did this (for example, which physiological endpoints did they consider?). For example, the goal of many melanotan studies were to describe the symptoms associated with use of unregulated melanotan supplements. In many articles, the objectives used to address this goal were to examine the occurrence of melanocytic naevi that developed after melanotan use.
2. The methods that were used in the study. Here, you should be specific about the actual steps that were taken in the study to fulfill the study objectives.
You would probably want to mention points such as the number of groups and what they were administered (e.g., controls or different levels of hormone), as well as sample size of each group, how the hormone was administered (e.g., oral, intravaginal), and the duration of supplementation. You would also want to talk about how they took samples (e.g., vaginal cell samples, blood samples), assessed behavior (e.g., libido tests, surveys) and analyzed their results. In the case of a melanotan case study, one might talk about the patient’s personal data, family history, manner and duration of melanotan dosage, and how melanocytic naevi were assessed (e.g., visibly identified and counted? Biopsied to confirm identity?). In traditional research article, one might explain the experimental design of the study.
3. The results of the study. What did the authors observe?
This should dovetail nicely from the methods section. In other words (as an example), if the authors compared some sort of endpoint (such as thickness of vaginal epithelial layer or levels of estrogen or testosterone or DHEA in the blood or self-ratings of libido), did they actually differ significantly between the control and treatment group(s)? If they (as another example) took biopsies of suspected melanoma, was it confirmed to be melanoma and why? It would be beneficial to include some form of visual examples of results in this section, such as a graph or a table (especially if it depicts clear results).
4. Conclusions of the study. What are the most important findings and “take-home messages” of the study?
Here, you could use a bulleted list to identify the most important findings.
You should also indicate when there are other important points to be made, such as (but not limited to) the following:
• When results are not significant but are “suggestive” of an effect and warrant further study because of some problems with experimental design (e.g., this could be when sample size is small or when there is high drop-off in a clinical study or…whatever. Imagine you are the author of the article…what else would you want someone to know about the study in addition to the main finding?
•When the results seem to conflict with other studies (which you might read about in the Discussion) and why the authors believe this is the case.
• If there are obvious future research directions that other researchers should pursue to better understand the topic.
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