1.0
Introduction:
The
introduction should provide a background to the subject matter of the paper
(i.e., your chosen article, in this case). This should include a brief overview
of the topic you have chosen and why. A thesis statement or the statement of
purpose of your essay (i.e., you are going to write about-the article you have
chosen to write about and what exactly you are going to cover in your
writings). You must come out clearly exactly what it is you are going to do in
your essay. For instance, what topic did you choose, why were you interested in
that topic, which articles did you retrieve and why did you settle on the one
you are reporting on.
2.0
Body
of Essay:
The
body of the essay will be constituted by the main points you choose to discuss
under your chosen topic. Address, in this section, questions around what the
objectives of the study you chose were, what research methodology did the
researchers use, what were their findings and what conclusions did they draw?
3.0.
Summary and
Conclusions:
The section should
commence with a synopsis of the major issues raised in section 2.0 followed by
the conclusions drawn from them. Your own conclusions could take the form of
lessons learnt from the exercise you just completed.
4.0 References:
Your
essay must incorporate a full listing of all sources consulted. The following
are important points that must be taken into consideration when preparing the
reference list:
i) The list must be inclusive. That is, it
must itemize all sources cited in the text from page one (1) to the last page.
As a rule of thumb, only
sources cited in the text should be listed.
ii) The ordering of items must be strictly
alphabetical, following the surname of the author or of the first author where
multiple authors are involved.
iii) Names of authors and years of publication
must be exactly as they appear in the text.
iv) In cases where two or more items authored
by the same person during the same year are cited, a distinction must be made
by numbering them a, b, c, etc. (Example, United Nations, 2005a; United
Nations, 2005b, etc). This should be done both in the text and in the list of
references.
v) All references must be listed in full.
That is, they must include:
Authored
Books:
Surname
plus initials of Author(s), year publication, title of book (in italics) where
published and publisher.
Example:
Miller, N. and Yeager, R.
1994. Kenya: The Quest for Prosperity
(2nd Edition). Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Edited Books:
Surname
plus initials of Author(s) of chapter consulted, year of publication, title of
chapter (in quotation marks), book title (in italics), initials and surname of
editor, where published and publisher, and page numbers where chapter appears.
Example:
Nzomo, M. 1995.
“Summary of Research Findings on the Impact of SAPs on the Female Gender in
Kenya”, in K. Kibwana (ed.) Women and
Autonomy in Kenya: Policy and Legal Framework. Nairobi: Claripress, pp.
43-66
Journal Articles:
Surname
plus initials of Author(s) of article consulted, year of publication, title of
article read (in quotation marks), Journal title (in italics), Volume and
number of journal, page numbers where article appears.
Example:
Randall, D. M. and Cote, J. A. 1991.
“Interrelationships of Work Commitment Constructs”. Work
and Occupations, 18 (2): 194 – 211
Unpublished Theses, Dissertations and Research
Reports:
Surname
plus initials of Author, year written, title of thesis, dissertation or
research report (in italics), City where University or organization sponsoring
thesis, dissertation or research report is located, and name of University or
organization.
Do
not plagiarize!
You CAN paraphrase an idea from an article, but you must cite the source of that
idea. Here are examples on how this can
be done:
Hastie and Kumar (1979)
found that individuals tend to recall expectancy inconsistent information more
than expectancy consistent information.
Individuals tend to
recall expectancy inconsistent information more than expectancy consistent
information (Hastie & Kumar, 1979). For
more information on how to apply APA citation and referencing styles, go to google.com.
If you choose to cite a passage verbatim (word for
word), place it in quotation marks and cite the authors and page number as
illustrated below:
“Specific
acts that are unexpected or incongruent with reference to a person’s
general impression are
well remembered compared to acts that are unsurprising or congruent” (Hastie
& Kumar, 1979, p. 31).
b) Your essay must be typed (font type
Times New Roman, size 12). Use 1.5 spacing and a justified formatting of all
pages. A margin space of 1 inch must
be left on both sides of every page for comments from your instructor.
c) Your
paper must include a separate title/cover page bearing the following
information:
i) Your
name (Surname first, followed by initials) and ID Number . Only the names of
those who actually contributed should appear on the cover page.
ii) The
course code and title
iii) The
title of your paper
iv) Date of submission
d) The presentation of information should
adopt a free flowing prose style rather than a notes format. You must ensure
that your work uses grammatically
correct language, correct spellings,
and correct punctuation. Papers with incorrect spellings and grammar will
be penalized accordingly. Therefore, to avoid the unnecessarily loss of points,
you must proof read your work thoroughly
before handing it in.
e) Do
not use abbreviations – for
example, USIU, ODM, WHO JPSP etc. – the first time you use such names in your
paper. Rather, write out the name in full followed by the abbreviations in
bracketed format. If you use the name again in your write up then it is alright
to use only the abbreviated form.
f) You must paginate your paper.
g) Plagiarism
will not be entertained at all. Any
evidence of plagiarism will result in the automatic award of a zero (0)
score. It is your responsibility to
ensure that all sources of information presented in your essay are
acknowledged.
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