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The Great Awakening
A. Religious Revivals
1. The Great Awakening was a series of local events united by a commitment to a more emotional and personal Christianity than that offered by existing churches.
2. Islam and Judaism in Asia and Europe, respectively, saw a rise in fundamentalism.
3. The Great Awakening was led by flamboyant preachers like Jonathan Edwards, whose Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God stressed the need for humans to seek divine grace.
B. The Preaching of Whitefield
1. The English minister George Whitefield is often credited with sparking the Great Awakening.
2. The Great Awakening enlarged the boundaries of liberty as Old Lights (traditionalists) and New Lights (revivalists) defended their right to worship.
a. New Light churches criticized colonial taxes used to support an established church.
b. They also defended religious freedom as a natural right.
C. The Awakening’s Impact
1. The Great Awakening inspired criticism of many aspects of colonial society.
2. A few preachers explicitly condemned slavery, but most slave masters managed to reconcile Christianity and slaveholding.
3. Especially in the Chesapeake area, slaves became Christian.
4. The Great Awakening expanded the circulation of printed material in the colonies.

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