What are believed to be the major mechanisms underlying epilepsy?

What are believed to be the major mechanisms underlying epilepsy? Discuss the roles of glutamatergic signaling and GABAergic signaling in shaping the excitability of circuits. Discuss how feedback and feed forward mechanisms shape excitatory output using simple cortical circuits as an example. Summarize how changes in the levels, distribution, and phosphorylation of glutamate- and/or GABA- gated ion channels have been shown to alter neuronal excitability and contribute to epilepsy.

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