What are the Comparing African independence struggles/movements in Ghana (British colony), Guinea(French colony), and Congo (Belgian colony), what similarities and differences do you find, and why? [See Harms, pp. 564-575]
3. While decolonization in most African countries occurred through peaceful negotiations, in the so-called “White Settler States,” Africans had to fight long bloody guerrilla wars to regain their freedom. Explain the causes of the Mau Mau Rebellion in Kenya, the Algerian and the Zimbabwe wars of independence. [see pages 555-562, and 582]
4. Why did Portugal refuse to even discuss granting independence to its African colonies of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea Bissau? [see p. 576]
5. Read pages 577-582 for a good summary of the apartheid in South Africa. And answer these questions: What does apartheid mean? What are the major elements of the apartheid system, and how was apartheid implemented/enforced in South Africa?
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