What are the differences between the between-groups and within-groups variability?

1.)Below is an ANOVA summary table. Based on these data, would you follow this ANOVA up with post hoc tests?

2.) You want to find out whether a year in school affects students’ time spent studying. To do so, you split your sample of n=100 students into 4 different groups: Freshman, Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors and measure how long the students study each week. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for this example?
3.) What are the differences between the between-groups and within-groups variability? Make sure to explain fully what each of the variances measure.
4.) Explain what eta-squared (η2) is and what the number/outcome of eta-squared means.
5.) Interpret the results of the following ANOVA summary table. Make sure to include the decision about the null hypothesis and a sentence explaining the results.

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