What are the problems that Earle and other commentators identify with the use of algorithms by Google, Facebook, and other entities?

First, read the attached file. Then, answer these 4 questions (~100 words each):
1. What is the significance of the article’s headline, “Vatican 2.0”? Why have Earle and his editors chosen this and “malign divinity” to describe tech companies?
2. Ed Finn calls algorithms “mathematical oracles.” What does he mean by this? What are the problems that Earle and other commentators identify with the use of algorithms by Google, Facebook, and other entities?
3. What problems does Mark Bartholomew identify in his book Adcreep? How are these connected with other problems Earle identifies and analyzes in this review?
4. Earle quotes Jonathan Taplin: “All this, he adds wryly, on the back of an invention that was supposed to ‘eliminate the gatekeepers’.” What does he mean by this? Why does Earle describe his tone as “wry”?

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