Answer the following questions:
a) What is the difference between computer architecture and computer organization?
b) What are the two locality principles observed with respect to user programs? How are
these principles exploited in computer design?
c) What is virtual memory? Explain the need for virtual memory.
d) What are the main differences between a multi-processor system and a multi-computer
system?
e) In a shared memory system, explain two schemes to maintain cache-coherence.
f. A processor accesses main memory with an average access time of T 2 . A smaller cache
memory is interposed between the processor and main memory. The cache has a significantly
faster access time of T 1 is designed so that the words more likely to be accessed in the near future are in the cache.
Assume that the probability that the next word accessed by the processor is in the cache is H,
known as the hit ratio.
a. For any single memory access, what is the theoretical speedup of accessing the word in the
cache rather than in main memory?
b. Let T be the average access time. Express T as a function of T 1 , T 2 , and H. What is the overall
speedup as a function of H?
g.Given the memory contents of the IAS computer shown below, show the assembly language
code for the program, starting at address 08A. Explain what this program does.
Address Contents
08A 010FA210FB
08B 010FA0F08D
08C 020FA210FB
show the assembly language code for the program, starting at address 08A. Explain what this
program does.
h. On the IAS, describe in English the process that the CPU must undertake to read a value
from memory and to write a value to memory in terms of what is put into the MAR, MBR,
address bus, data bus, and control bus
i. In the IBM 360 Models 65 and 75, addresses are staggered in two separate main memory
units (e.g., all even-numbered words in one unit and all odd-numbered words in another).What
might be the purpose of this technique?
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