What was the biggest factor in the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and Midwest?

Read the Digital Public Library’s set of primary sources related to the Great Migration.
https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-great-migration#tabs

What were the causes of the Great Migration?
What was the biggest factor in the migration of African Americans from the South to the
North and Midwest?
What were some of the challenges African Americans faced in the North?

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