What were the fundamental difference between the Articles of Confederation (1777-1787) and the Constitution of the United States (1789 through the Present)?

I just need the questions answered preferably a page for each question, just need them answered thoughtfully.

1. What were the fundamental difference between the Articles of Confederation (1777-1787) and the Constitution of the United States (1789 through the Present)? Why was the Articles of Confederation replaced by the Constitution of the United States (think of historical moments, and political reasons)? What were the framers of the Constitution attempting to achieve?

2. The Constitution of the United States reflects the idea of a ‘separation of powers’ and ‘checks and balances’ between different branches of government. What are the three branches of government? How was power divided and what powers did the Constitution assign each of the three branches, and how do each of the three branches check the power of the other branches? Refer to the corresponding articles in the Constitution for each of the branches.

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