What were the main media (materials) that ancient Greeks and Romans used to make their works of art?

Modern technology has revealed an irrefutable truth that many of the statues, temples, reliefs, and sarcophagi created in the ancient Western world were in fact painted. Why do we then see the classical world in whiteness? Read provided articles, watch the videos, and respond to the following questions to the best of your ability:
What were the main media (materials) that ancient Greeks and Romans used to make their works of art?
Which colors were they predominantly using to cover artworks? Which colors were they using for skin tones?
Did ancient Greeks have a conception of biological race? Did ancient Romans define people as black and white?
Where does this idea of pristine whiteness of marble statues as a classical ideal come from? What is Whiteness? Is it a skin color or something else?
Provide one example of an artwork from the classical world of the Greeks or Romans where people of color were represented?
Articles:

Why We Need to Start Seeing the Classical World in Color

An Investigation of Black Figures in Classical Greek Art

Videos:

Last Completed Projects

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