Which of the following sources of official data is based on the crime reports of the officers filed at the scene of a criminal disturbance? A. Calls for service B. National Crime Victimization Survey C. Incident Data D. Participant Observation

Multiple Choices (3 points each question, 30 points total)

1. Which one of the below statements about the law of crime concentration is NOT correct? Select only one answer.
A. Crime concentrates at a small number of places
B. Crime concentration at a small number of places holds stable over time
C. Crime concentration at a small number of places holds true in different cities
D. Studies covered in class on the law of crime concentration show that crime concentration in bigger cities is tighter (more concentrated) than crime concentration in smaller cities.
E. According to the studies on law of crime concentration, about 4% (from 2 to 6%) of places account for 50% of crimes.

Answer:___D___

2. Which one of the below statements about the Journey to Crime is NOT true? Select only one answer.
A. Offenders prefer to commit crimes in the buffer zone of their activity spaces
B. Access to cars and public transportation extends the journey to crime
C. On average, most offenders commit their crimes far away from the nodes they visit most frequently (such as house, work etc.)
D. Juveniles travel shorter distances to commit crimes than older adults
Answer:______

3. Which of the following sources of official data is based on the crime reports of the officers filed at the scene of a criminal disturbance?
A. Calls for service
B. National Crime Victimization Survey
C. Incident Data
D. Participant Observation

Answer:______

4. Which of the following statements concerning the accuracy of the FBI UCR data is FALSE?
A. The FBI UCR is affected by the dark figure of crime.
B. The FBI carefully audits the reports submitted by individual law enforcement agencies for accuracy.
C. According to the hierarchy rule, even if a number of Part I crimes are committed, only the most serious offense should be reported to the FBI.
D. In some cases, the state definitions of a crime and the definitions provided by the FBI do not exactly match.
Answer:______

5. According to Durkheim, what cause anomie?
A. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth
B. The collective conscience becomes much too rigid, stifling creativity and growth
C. The development of natural areas
D. Social disorganization

Answer:______

6. Consider the following statement: Joey was raised in a high-crime neighborhood. Therefore, Joey must be a juvenile delinquent. This is an example of:
A. Tautological reasoning
B. Ecological fallacy
C. Collective efficacy
D. Disparate reasoning

Answer:______

7. A neighbor sees a young child throwing rocks at another neighbor’s car. The neighbor confronts the child and escorts her back to her parents, informing them of the incident. This would be an example of:
A. Anomie
B. Social disorganization
C. Collective conscience
D. Collective efficacy
Answer:______
8. According to Becarria, what is necessary in order to reduce crime and delinquency?
A. Many opportunities for legitimate employment
B. The threat of horrible punishment for even the most minor offenses
C. Certain, swift and proportionate punishments
D. Strong role models in the community

Answer:______
9. What was the principle finding of the 1974 Martinson report concerning rehabilitation programs?
A. None of the programs reviewed had any appreciable effect on the recidivism rate.
B. All of the programs reviewed reported moderate to strong success rates.
C. Because of budget cuts, the best programs had been eliminated.
D. Many of the successful programs for juvenile offenders advocated corporal punishment.
Answer:______

10. You are a real estate developer. According to crime pattern theory, which of the following should you incorporate in order to reduce crime in your new subdivision?
A. Incorporate landscaping or architectural designs to enhance visibility and guardianship along major traffic routes
B. Put in a number of winding roads to create a more organic street layout
C. Put in a number of dead-end streets and cul-de-sacs
D. All of the above
Answer:______

II. Essay Questions (70 points total)
Please note that if you draw directly from course material, or other sources, include in-text citations (to show where you are drawing from sources).

1. Policing scholars such as David Weisburd and Lawrence Sherman suggest that police should shift their focus from people to places–to focus more on “wheredunit?” than “whodunit?” as Sherman put it. Based on what you have learned so far in this course, and other criminal justice and criminology courses you’ve taken, do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

2. Picture a specific place (i.e. a business, home, park, bar/club, store, apartment complex etc.) that has a high level of crime. This can be a real place you are aware of, one you’ve seen in a movie/show or read about in a book, or one you made up. It CANNOT be a shopping mall as the text book uses that example.
Describe some characteristics of the place and the type(s) of crime occurring there. First, what characteristics do you think are causing a high level of crime? Second, based on the definitions in Place Matters and the lecture slides, is the place a crime generator or a crime attractor. Third, based on the discussion of theories such as Social Disorganization theory, opportunity theories, Broken Windows theory etc. in the readings and lecture slides, what major factors do you think are contributing to the crime problem of the place?

3. What is the “Law of Crime Concentration”? Describe it in details. What are the implications of understanding the law of crime concentration in the study of crime and designing effective crime prevention strategies?

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