Explain the following important aspects of utilitarianism.

Please answer the following questions by either using direct quotes or paraphrase with proper page citations. This “specific evidence” is a requirement to pass the assignment and to be reward points.
Utilitarianism
Who originated the theory of utilitarianism?
Explain the following important aspects of utilitarianism.
Consequentialism
Maximization
Theory of value
Scope-of-morality premise
What problems do each of the aspects raise for utilitarianism?
What are the applications of utilitarianism in public health and situations of triage?
2. With respect to Kantian Ethics, explain the following:
Kant’s deontology and his opposition to consequentialism
Kant’s idea that right actions have maxims that are universalizable
Kant’s idea that humans should always be treated as “ends-in-themselves,” never as “mere means”
Kant’s idea that people are free only when they act rationally
What applications do Kantian ethics have to medicine?
3. Four Principles of Bioethics
How can the principle of patient autonomy be seen as stemming from the harm principle of John Stuart Mill?
How is autonomy opposed to paternalistic ethics?
What is the primary idea of the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in medical ethics?
How can (and do) the principles of bioethics conflict with each other?
Why is the principle of justice the most vague among the principles of bioethics?

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