What forms of political participation do different models of democracy require?

Write a 1,500-1,800-word, double-spaced paper

1) In its most basic sense, democracy means “the rule of the people.” However, this definition only tells us that the people exercise power; it does not tell us exactly how they exercise it. In other words, this minimal definition tells us very little about the kinds of participation that democracy requires or expects. What forms of political participation do different models of democracy require? Specifically, what forms of participation do liberal, republican, and deliberative models of democracy expect of citizens and why?
You may answer this question either in the form of an expository essay or in the form of an imaginary dialogue among the thinkers who represent each model of democracy. Your response must refer to at least three of the following thinkers: James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Jürgen Habermas, and Alexis de Tocqueville. Whichever format you select, you must 1) describe the primary form of participation expected in each model of democracy, and 2) explain why each thinker believes that that particular form of participation is preferable or superior to the alternatives. Whenever possible, you should also point to criticisms that each thinker might make about the ideas expressed by the others.

Helpful hints and reminders:
Make sure you address the assigned topic directly and thoroughly. Avoid digressions and tangential discussions that do not relate to the topic and focus on building a persuasive argument.
You should use properly cited evidence from the texts to support your argument. Whether you are using direct quotations or simply paraphrasing, you should always indicate page numbers, either in parentheses or in footnotes. Avoid using quotes that have no obvious connection to the topic under discussion. Make sure the meaning or significance of a quote is apparent.
Your papers should reflect independent thought, not a recitation of irrelevant facts or other extraneous information. Feel free to draw upon material covered in lectures and discussions—as long as such material helps you make relevant points that advance the discussion. You are cautioned against using internet sources, which are notoriously unreliable. You do not need to do any outside research for this paper, but if you do decide to use outside sources, including internet sources, you must provide full bibliographic information. Any quotes you use must be placed in quotation marks to indicate that you are using someone else’s words. Failure to do so will result in a failing grade for the course and additional disciplinary action.

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