Answer questions:
1. A study estimating the effect of having heart disease on the odds of getting COVID-19 found that the Odds Ratio was 1.25 with a confidence interval of 1.1 – 1.4. What can the researchers conclude?
-The odds of heart disease increase if you do not have COVID-19
-The odds of COVID-19 increase if you have heart disease
-The odds of COVID-19 decreases if you have heart disease
-There is no relationship between heart disease and COVID-19
2. A regression analysis relating patient satisfaction (Y) to age (X) found a coefficent for age of .500. How can this be interpretted?
-For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction decreases by .500
– For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction increases by .500
– For every 1 year older you are patient satisfaction stays the same
3. You roll a 6 sided dice, the probability of landing on a 1 is 1 out 6. The probability of not landing on a 1 is: 1 – (.166667)
-True
– False
4. In a small randomized trial (n=30 subjects) of a new treatment for lupus, the Odds Ratio for mortality in the control group vs the treated group was 1.6, and the p-value was p=.03. We can conclude that:
– The odds of mortality in the control group was 1.6 times that of the treated group
– Both of these interpretations are correct
– The treatment group’s odds of mortality was lower than the control group
5. A large study reveals that taking a multivitamin decreases the odds of sickness by 2% in the winter months (p-value=.90). This difference (between groups that did & did not take the multivitamin) is likely to be . . .
-Practically significant but not statistically significant
– Statistically significant & practically significant
– Neither statistically significant nor practically significant
– Statistically significant but not practically significant
6. Which assumption for doing an independent t-test would be violated if the participants were examined at time 1 (baseline) and then at time 2 (6 weeks later)?:
-Independence
-Normality
– Homogeneity of variance
7. A regression analysis found a coefficient of -500.7 (p-value < .0001) when examining the influence having diabetes has on activity levels (measured by # of daily steps). What can be said about having diabetes compared to not having diabetes (the reference group)? -Individuals with diabetes take 500.7 less steps than individuals without diabetes - Individuals with diabetes take 500.7 more steps than individuals without diabetes - No relationship was observed between having diabetes and not.
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