Compare and contrast female sexual interest/arousal disorder with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder. How are they similar? How do they differ? Particular emphasis should be placed on sensitivity to the clinical interview and address your overall approach to these conditions.

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1.If your FIRST name begins with the letters S through Z, please address this question:

Compare and contrast female sexual interest/arousal disorder with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder. How are they similar? How do they differ? Particular emphasis should be placed on sensitivity to the clinical interview and address your overall approach to these conditions.

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder is sorted as woman interchange in small stages from the desire to arousal, but often understanding desire synchronously as in the feeling of arousal. The factor that affects the interest of a woman’s sexual desire is experiencing pain during sexual intercourse or not producing an orgasm during sexual interaction. Lack of sexual arousal may influenced by lack of lubrication. Adjustments with levels involving testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and thyroxin can factor in the woman’s lack of arousal disorder. A factor that may cause influencers would include stressors involved in the woman’s lifestyle such as aging, menopause, rare sexual events, Cultural background, Health, and acceptable sexual stimulus (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 2017).

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is due to a lack of fantasies and deficiency or absence of sexual activities for a minimum of 6 months. Absences from the desire for sex reduce the sexual impulse. The man’s desire for sex has many factors that help precipitate the impulse such as biological drive, suitable self-esteem, and the accessibility of finding a tolerable partner. The men’s age, health, life stressor, and medication regimen will factor in the decline of hypoactive sexual desire (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 2017).

How are they similar? They are alike due to the want or need to have the desire to feel a connection to perform a sexual encounter. They similarly based on the decline due to age, stressor, confidence, and pleasure, cultural background. How do they differ? Desire fluctuates over time and is dependent on contextual aspects. Men have reported a remarkably higher assertiveness and commonness of sexual desire compared with a woman. The “Female sexual interest/arousal disorder” is only given to women as a diagnosis. Destressing problems with sexual desires in men would be Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 2017).

Reference

American Psychiatric Association. (2017). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Dsm-5.

Boland, R. J., Verduin, M. L., & Sadock, B. J. (2023). Kaplan & Sadock’s Concise Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Wolters Kluwer.

2. Discuss unique features associated with interviewing a patient who has a narcissistic personality disorder. Describe your approach to the comprehensive assessment of someone with this personality disorder.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of grandiosity, fantasies of unlimited power or importance, and the need for admiration or special treatment. Individuals with NPD may experience significant psychological distress related to interpersonal conflict and functional impairment. Research suggests core features of the disorder are associated with poor prognosis in therapy, including slow progress to behavioral change, premature patient-initiated termination, and negative therapeutic alliance. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a psychological disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of grandiosity, fantasies of unlimited power or importance, and the need for admiration or special treatment. Core cognitive, affective, interpersonal, and behavioral features include impulsivity, volatility, attention-seeking, low self-esteem, and unstable interpersonal relationships that result in a pervasive pattern of interpersonal difficulties, occupational problems, and significant psychosocial distress. Prevalence estimates of NPD range from 0 to 6.2% in community samples. Of those individuals diagnosed with NPD, 50%–75% are male. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) classifies NPD as a Cluster B (“dramatic, emotional, and erratic”) personality disorder, a category that also includes Antisocial, Borderline, and Histrionic Personality Disorders. The diagnostic framework used to explore pathological narcissism in the above cases was organized according to the DSM-5 criteria. These criteria were developed with an underlying assumption that personality disorders can be characterized into independent clusters and independent clinical syndromes. Recent consideration has been given to an alternative model. Working under the assumption that personality disorders have significant clinical overlap, the dimensional approach argues that pathological personality features may represent a wide range of fluid presentations that begin with normal personality function. This alternative model is explicated in an appendix to the DSM-5 and describes the ways in which personality function may vary between individuals on four dimensions: Identity, Self-Direction, Empathy, and Intimacy. Additionally, further consideration is made regarding personality function on five dimensional scales: negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, dis-inhibition, and psychoticism. The exploration of these dimensional scales may allow clinicians to conceptualize patients in a way that they are able to work around limitations in categorical diagnostic criteria in order to improve the likelihood of symptom reduction and improved quality of life (Kacel et al., 2017).

Given the challenges of diagnosing narcissistic personality disorder, there have been varying reports of prevalence in the United States of America( USA). Prevalence rates from community samples have been from 0.5% to 5% of the US population. However, in clinical settings, NPD appears to be more prevalent. Prevalence rates can be from 1% to 15% of the United States population. NPD may coexist with other mental disorders rendering its diagnosis challenging. Substance use disorders are among the most comorbid conditions. Other personality disorders such as antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder are also common in people with NPD. Comorbid antisocial personality disorder is said to have the most negative effect. There is much contention around the diagnosis of NPD. There are two basic subtypes, including grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic personality disorder. The grandiose subtype includes overt grandiosity, presence of aggression, and boldness. The vulnerable subtype presents with hypersensitivity and defensiveness and is often easy to miss. There has been some research on the grandiose subtype, which includes evidence of behavior such as overt aggression, lack of empathy, and exploitation of the other. Interviews of 34,653 adults who participated in the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions revealed a lifetime prevalence of NPD of 6.2%: 7.7% greater in men and 4.8% in women. A high prevalence of NPD was found among Black men and women and Hispanic women (Mitra & Fluyau, 2022).

Reference

Kacel, E. L., Ennis, N., & Pereira, D. B. (2017). Narcissistic personality disorder in Clinical Health Psychology Practice: Case studies of comorbid psychological distress and life-limiting illness. Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.). Retrieved February 13, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819598/

Mitra, P., & Fluyau, D. (2022, May 1). Narcissistic personality disorder – statpearls – NCBI bookshelf. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved February 14, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556001/

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