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Durkheim stated that a Utopia would be impossible to achieve because the measurement of deviant behavior would simply change or shift. He believed that crime and deviant behavior served a purpose for society.

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The Functionalist Perspective on Crime and Deviance

Emile Durkheim’s theory that crime is a normal aspect of society is based on his belief that crime itself serves a social function. That social function is to support or reassure the social norms of a society by the fact that crime is considered going against the norm. Put simply, crime is simply deviant behaviour that goes against social norms. It is with that model that law is created, from the adverse reactions of criminal behaviour by society. As Pavlich (2011) states, “law is conceived of as the product of a given society” (p. 73). Durkheim’s main focus was the idea of ‘social solidarity’, or how society works together as a whole and how society is organized. He rejected the idea of individualism in the sense that society is the sum of its individual members; rather that it should be studied collectively. Another principle of Durkheim’s that keeps society stable is ‘social facts’, that is, “ways of acting, thinking, and feeling, external to the individual,” (Pavlich, 2011, p. 74). It is these social facts that hold control and authority over individuals to keep society stable.
One of the main arguments for Durkheim’s theory is that since crime is found in all societies, it must be performing necessary functions otherwise it would disappear in an advanced society. (Hamlin, 2009). One of these necessary functions is social change. Crime is one of the most effective sources of social change in any society. When crime goes against social norms, eventually a society’s collective belief will transform thus bringing about social change. A prime example is the Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States that promoted racial segregation. As society progressed many people began violating the laws at the time until society reached a point where it was considered a norm for inter-racial relationships in society. Eventually racial segregation was abolished and in today’s society would violate social norms.
Durkheim: Crime serves a Social Function

Questions:
Do you agree with Durkheim, that deviant behavior serves a function for society?
What happens to society when the norms for behavior change? For instance, marijuana is now legal in Massachusetts (and other states as well). The behavior has not really changed, just the meaning of the behavior. Smoking marijuana in 2010-bad and illegal, punishable by incarceration/smoking marijuana in 2021-legal, more acceptable, not punishable by incarceration. (Obviously large quantities of possession with intent to distribute is still punishable by incarceration) For the purposes of this discussion, focusing on personal consumption, how can the same behavior be seen so differently in such a short period of time? What should happen to those incarcerated for possession of marijuana that would not be considered criminal today? Some people have spent long periods of time in prison for possession of marijuana. Are they no longer guilty of a crime? Or is guilt relative? (Emphasis on timing of crime, rather than the crime?) What should happen to those who are currently incarcerated for a behavior that is no longer criminal? Should these people be given reparations for their time in prison? Why do you think our government is allowing the legalization of marijuana? What would the incentive be?

In essay form and in no more than 700 words, please upload a document responding to the following questions:
(1) What are the subject matter, principles, and methods proper to the science or discipline in which you are planning on majoring – NURSING
(2) What are some similarities between this science or discipline and theology?
(3) What are some differences between this science or discipline and theology?
(4) Name at least four different “branches” of theological study and discuss how they are distinct but related.
The uploaded document should be single-spaced, with 1 in. margins all around, and executed in a standard 12 pt. font such as Times New Roman, Arial, Garamond, etc. While this is primarily a response/reflection paper, you should provide parenthetical citations wherever applicable. Consequently, if you are relying on one of your textbooks to address one of the questions, then you should place the author’s last name and page number (set off with a comma) within parentheses. If you are relying on a primary source reading from Thomas Aquinas, a Church Father, or one of the magisterial documents from Vatican II or the Pope, please consult the citation guidelines for directives on how to abbreviate your citations appropriately and accurately.

In order to receive any credit for your response papers, you must upload them on time and be within reasonable range of the required 500-700 word count. Response papers which fall short or exceed this word count range by more than 100 words will be subject to rejection.
Your response papers will be evaluated according to the following criteria:
9-10: Excellent/Superb — Addressed all the questions expertly and precisely. Made proficient use of sources. Utilized eloquent and technically precise prose.
7-8: Good — Addressed all of the questions thoroughly, accurately, and completely. Made good use of sources. Utilized articulate and coherent prose.
5-6: Satisfactory/Adequate — Engaged all the questions adequately but imprecisely or incompletely. Response was coherent but lacked precision and polish.
3-4: Substandard — Engaged only some of the questions or addressed the questions inadequately or incorrectly. Fell short of the required word count. Response was incoherent or disjointed.
1-2: Insufficient — Did not engage the questions. Fell grossly short of the required word count. Communication of content was compromised by grammatical errors.
0: No Credit — Failed to complete the assignment. Utilized unauthorized internet sources or plagiarized.

Instructions for Essay #3
Topic: Essay #3 is a Cause and Effect Argument (AKA Causal Argument) that requires at least TWO (2) scholarly resources. Select a topic that is both arguable AND has a logical cause and effect based in facts. Remember that a causal argument attempts to answer “why” and ‘”how” questions.

Prompt: Write a Cause and Effect Argument essay.

The introductory paragraph should identify your topic and emphasize why it is important. In addition to containing general information about your topic as well as your thesis statement, which should be the last sentence in your introduction. Your thesis should make a clear argument explaining the need to examine causes relative to the topic.

The body paragraphs of your paper should begin with the topic sentences outlined in your thesis. Focus on transitioning from paragraph to paragraph smoothly to create the sense that all of your sentences are working towards the same purpose—to prove your argumentative essay.

Make sure your body paragraphs include the following:
1) Present the major causes of your topic using evidence
2) Prove the logical, ultimate effect of your topic using evidence
3) Integrate at least two scholarly sources that have a direct relationship and relevancy to the topic
4) Refute opposing arguments: Address and explain why you reject other possible causes or effects (at least one paragraph – I suggest the last paragraph before the conclusion)
5) Clearly integrate forms of appeals pathos (emotional) ethos (values/belief), and/or logos (factual) as appropriate

Conclusion: Reinforce your thesis statement with a strong closing statement. There should be no new evidence presented in the conclusion; all of that should have been done in the body paragraphs. This is your opportunity to reiterate why your topic is important and include a call to action.

Requirements:

1) Clearly state your topic in the title;
2) Clearly state the cause and effect of your topic in a one-sentence thesis statement;
3) Your essay must contain at least TWO (2) scholarly sources listed on your Works Cited page that support your essay;
4) Your essay must contain at least ONE (1) quote from each source with proper in-text citations;
5) Your finished essay must be at least 750 words

Additional Rules:

1) Your essay may not be in first or second person; it must be written in third person
2) You must use proper MLA formatting (including Works Cited page and in-text citations)
3) It’s expected that your paper will have an introduction, body, and conclusion
4) Do NOT use a citation generator; always check citations against the OWL guidelines
5) You may not use Wikipedia, Sparknotes, Gradesaver, or similar sites as a source
6) In excess of 20% similarity according to Turnitin; will cause youe work to be flagged for possible plagiarism and you will not be given more time without penalty
7) -10 points per day late
8) You will receive an automatic 0% if your work is more than three days late

Tips and Reminders:

Avoid self-referential (first person) pronouns such as I, me, my, our, we, etc. If you are going to argue that the essay is an effective argument, simply state “The essay is an effective argument” without using phrases such as “I think,” “I believe,” or “In my opinion.”

Due Date: 11 July 2021

Write a 700- 1,050-word paper critically examining the three elements of the SPL model.

Include the following in your paper:
Your understanding of each of the three elements of SPL
Your opinion on whether or not the SPL model is a realistic leadership framework for our time
Your thoughts on how scholarship develops and becomes embedded in the practitioner and leadership parts
At least five peer reviewed sources, including the required two articles for this week’s reading

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Submit your assignment.

Complete an analysis of an instructional platform or textbook of your current grade and subject taught. Use the evaluation criteria in Appendix A to guide your analysis. Be sure to address how the special learning needs of English language learners are addressed in the material you selected for a review.
Look for special features, suggestions, and/or ideas given in the teacher’s edition/version that apply directly to students who are learning English as a new language. Write up your findings to include the following:
a. Address the evaluation criteria found on the Appendix A , giving specific examples or nonexamples to support your commentary. Some of the criteria may not apply to the instructional materials you have selected. Organize your information according to the evaluation checklist’s main categories. Look for trends or patterns in the information that you collect.
b. Describe any special strategies, ideas, materials, or tips included in the materials you have reviewed that meet the cultural and linguistic needs of students learning English as a second language
c. What materials, activities, or helpful ways of learning English are missing from the instructional material which should be included?
Your submission should be a 3 page narrative.

NO PLAGIARISM AND PLEASE READ CAREFULLY Do you believe that the use and possession of small amounts of marijuana should be legalized in all states?
Chapter 1 in your textbook discusses the concept of legalizing certain crimes. Legalization is defined as “the removal of all criminal penalties from a previously outlawed act.”
Discuss your thoughts concerning the impact on society and your community if marijuana for all states were legalized.

Week 10: Online Class Activity
MALPRACTICE CASE:
1. Choose and summarize a medical malpractice case.
2. Identify the area that went wrong.
3. What are the ways to avoid malpractice?
4. Reflect on the malpractice issue and discuss opportunities to avoid malpractice issues in the future.

1. Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:
Provide an example of how the SPL model can enable and shape you to become a better leader.
Have you experienced any situations where your doctoral studies and scholarly understanding of topics helped you to improve your practice and emerge as a leader in your specific practice?
2. Review others’ posts and respond to at least one of your course colleagues in 150 words. ( Make up another dicussion)
3. Pose a question to your faculty and course colleagues. Be sure to tie the question to the week’s materials. about the SPL model
4. Review others’ questions and, using your professional experience, provide an answer or related insights in 150 words (Make up another dicussion)
5. Write approximately 100 words reflecting on the SPL model within your doctoral candidacy and its relevance within your field.

Before you begin: Complete your reading/research for the Rogerian Argument so that you are informed about your issue and understand the main claim and sub-claims of each perspective.
Instructions:
Study the PowerPoint presentations, “Writing the Rogerian Argument Outline,” Writing the Rogerian Argument Thesis Statement,” and “Writing the Rogerian Argument Common Ground,” paying careful attention to the examples provided.
Study the document, “Annotated Rogerian Argument Essay Outline” to understand the structure of the Rogerian Argument and to learn what the focus of each paragraph should be.
Follow the structure in the outline document and create an outline for your Rogerian Argument essay.
As part of the information you include for your Introduction Paragraph, write a complete thesis statement. Type the thesis in bold font to make it easy for your instructor to locate it.
At a minimum, the body paragraph outlines should include complete topic sentences for each paragraph and two or three supporting statements with evidence from your research sources.
When you get to the Compromise/Solution section (body paragraph 6 on the outline), take time to consider a compromise that allows both sides to achieve part of their goal, that is measurable and feasible, and that does not ask one side to simply change their minds. Then, use complete sentences to fully explain your proposed compromise/solution. Your compromise must be supported by evidence from your research. Appealing to logos can be a helpful tactic here.
Finish the outline with a few notes on what you will include in the conclusion paragraph.
Creating a robust outline by following these instructions carefully will make it easier to write your Rogerian Argument essay next week, and it will also allow your instructor the opportunity to provide feedback on how you are planning your essay, which often helps increase your final essay grade.

Sample Case Brief Format
Just to make sure I take nothing for granted regarding what students know or understand about case briefs I want to explain some basic information about them. Case briefs generally involve a review of a judicial opinion. A brief can be of a trial in which a verdict has been reached or an opinion of a court, or a review of any appellate court actions or decisions. In a criminal case, typically, the trial took place and there was a verdict by a judge or a jury. An appeal was filed based on what took place during that trial.
A case brief is a review of a judicial opinion and can be either a review of a trial or an appeal from a trial. A case brief is a description of all of the facts and relevant information related to the case and any issues in dispute regarding that case. A case brief should include all the facts and circumstances that lead to the trial, the outcome of the trial, the legal issues in question, and a description of appellate decisions to show the procedural history of the case leading to the ultimate review of the last court to review the case.
So if you are reviewing a Supreme Court case, for example, you should be able to describe everything from start to finish. The crime, the arrest, the trial, the verdict, issues that came up during trial which are now being questioned or appealed after the conviction, the path the case took through the appellate courts after conviction, and the ruling and holding of the final court to review the case.
Your brief, tells a story from start to finish and demonstrates your knowledge of the facts and procedural issues involved in this case.
The case brief should include the following major categories. Format the brief so anyone can easily identify these sections. Some instructors may require more detail or more sections, but the process for researching the information is always the same.
How to read a U.S. Supreme Court Opinion
How to write a case brief.
Facts of the Case: This is a summary of events that provide context to the issues discussed in the appeal. This most often includes a summary of events which lead to an arrest and trial of the defendant. It should also include some of the arguments made by the parties in the case which are related to the reason for the appeal. For example, a person may be arrested for possession of a controlled substance. His attorney may have argued that police conducted an illegal search and the evidence should be suppressed and not used against him during the trail. After the defendant’s conviction, this objection provides the basis for the defendant’s appeal to an appellate court. This summary should include a description of reasoning and ruling of all the lower courts involved in this case. For example, a case which has made it to the Supreme Court will have moved through more than one appellate court first. Describe each court’s decision on the issue. This summary may also include the original trial court judge’s ruling on the issue and possibly that trial court judge’s reasoning.
Procedural History: Each appellate case will have a legal basis for appeal in which one of the parties involved in the case will assert that an error was committed during the original trial. Using the example above the defendant’s attorney may argue that the conviction of his client should be reversed because of a violation of his client’s rights. Other precedents (previous cases) may be cited in making this argument. Be sure to include the precise error alleged to have been made. (e.g. 4th amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches)
Judgment: This is the outcome of the case. The final decision handed down by the highest appellate court. Was the original outcome of the trial court affirmed, reversed, remanded, modified, etc? In addition to the ruling, including the court’s reasoning behind the ruling citing any precedent the court relied on. If there is a dissenting opinion (judges on the court who do not agree with the majority decision), please include their reasoning.
Your Thoughts and Opinion: This is where I want to hear your own opinion or ideas about the case. Make it at least a paragraph but more is better. Is this a good/bad decision? Do you think there will be unintended consequences because of this decision? You are not confined to any particular issues in this section as long as you explain and justify your opinion.

CASE STUDY
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/528/119.html