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Discussion: Diabetes and Drug Treatments
Various differences exist between different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, for example, predominantly develops in childhood or adolescence and tends to have an abrupt onset of symptoms, whereas type 2 diabetes most commonly occurs during middle age and gradually progresses (Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline, 2021). Type 1 diabetes occurs due to the loss of insulin-producing pancreatic b cells, whereas type 2 is related to improper insulin secretion and insulin resistance that occurs gradually (Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline, 2021). Gestational diabetes has an onset during pregnancy and subsides shortly after delivery. Gestational diabetes may be challenging to treat, due to various physiological processes accompanied by pregnancy (such as hormones produced by the placenta that antagonize insulin’s action), and delayed or improper treatment may result in harm to the unborn child (Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline, 2021).
Drug Treatment for Gestational Diabetes
Successful management of gestational diabetes relies on maintaining normal glucose levels in, both, the mother and fetus (Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline, 2021). Care for gestational diabetes not only requires a detailed glycemic target plan, but varies widely from other types of diabetes in that it requires strict and ongoing monitoring for various reasons, such as dosing adjustment requirements around 16 weeks of gestation, due to a peak of insulin resistance which occurs around this period in gestation. The preferred drug treatment for gestational diabetes in the U.S. is insulin, such as lispro, and its dose must match the patient’s needs, by that paying close consideration to consumption of carbohydrates and fluctuating daily physical demands, etc (American Diabetes Association, 2020). Furthermore, some women may be prescribed Metformin alongside insulin, but Metformin and glyburide should not be prescribed as first-line treatments, as these cross the placenta to the fetus (American Diabetes Association, 2020). The use of insulin in GD should follow a strict regimen and be patient-specific and match their nutritional requirements and lifestyle. Frequent monitoring is required and glycemic target goals for blood sugar levels are as follows:
Fasting glucose <95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L) and either One-hour postprandial glucose <140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) or Two-hour postprandial glucose <120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) (American Diabetes Association, 2020). The type and dosing schedule of insulin should rely on the specific blood glucose elevation, whether fasting, or after a meal, etc. Insulin Lispro which is a short duration- rapid acting analog (American Diabetes Association, 2018), for example, acts more rapidly (15-30 minutes) than Regular insulin (30-60 mins.), but has a shorter duration of action. Administration is via daily, multiple subcutaneous injections, within 15 minutes before or following meals, and injection sites principles, including rotation of sites remain standard, but injections in the abdomen are preferred for best absorption. Lispro may also be used with an insulin pump, and also comes in an insulin pen (Blum, 2016). Dietary Considerations Due to Glycemic-index targets being more stringent for pregnancy than in non pregnant individuals, it remains essential that pregnant women with diabetes have a consistent intake of nutritional carbohydrates to match their insulin dosage and avoid episodes of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Providers should refer women with gestational diabetes to a registered dietitian to establish a proper nutrition plan (American Diabetes Association, 2020). Short and Long-Term Effects of Gestational Diabetes and Drug Treatment Effects True GD ceases once delivery takes place, and if condition of diabetes remains after birth, it is no longer considered gestational diabetes and the patient must be re-evaluated by their health care provider (Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline, 2021). However, women with GD have an increased chance of experiencing it with future pregnancies, as well as a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Gestational Diabetes in women is one of the strongest predictors of type 2 diabetes later in life, and nearly 50% of women develop it within 10 years post-pregnancy (Damm et al., 2016). Some complications that may arise related to long-term subcutaneous insulin drug treatment is lipodystrophy (LD), a disorder of the adipose tissue, as well as increased chances for bruising at the level of the injection site (Gentile et al., 2016). References American Diabetes Association. (2018). Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes -2018 [PDF]. https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/41/Supplement_1/S73.full.pdf American Diabetes Association. (2020). 14. Management of diabetes in pregnancy: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care, 44(Supplement 1), S200–S210. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-s014 Blum, A. K. (2016). Insulin use in pregnancy: An update. Diabetes Spectrum, 29(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.29.2.92 Damm, P., Houshmand-Oeregaard, A., Kelstrup, L., Lauenborg, J., Mathiesen, E. R., & Clausen, T. D. (2016). Gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term consequences for mother and offspring: A view from denmark. Diabetologia, 59(7), 1396–1399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-3985-5 Gentile, S., Strollo, F., & Ceriello, A. (2016). Lipodystrophy in insulin-treated subjects and other injection-site skin reactions: Are we sure everything is clear? Diabetes Therapy, 7(3), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-016-0187-6 Rosenthal, Laura & Burchum, Jacqueline. (2021). Lehne's pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.). Saunders.

What is the chief difference between utilitarianism and Kant’s ethics? Do you think one of these theories is clearly inferior to the other? Do they each represent part of the truth about morality?

Hi Everyone,
Review the criteria for a binomial in excel by going to content, week 4, learning material and looking at the 4 items on binomial below Readings and Resources before selecting your problem.
Example
a) On this example we will examine the probability a couple who has 8 children has exactly 5 boys.
b) Next we will look at the probability that they have more than 5 boys.
c) Finally we will look at the probability that they have at most 5 boys.
Assume a .5 chance of having a boy.
Solution can be solved using excel.
a) On this example we will examine the probability a couple who has 8 children has exactly 5 boys.
Type this in an excel cell
=binom.dist(5,8,.5,False)
and then hit enter
.21875 would be the answer
b) Next we will look at the probability that they have more than 5 boys.
Type this in an excel cell
=1-binom.dist(5,8,.5,True)
and then hit enter
.144531 would be the answer
c) Finally we will look at the probability that they have at most 5 boys.
Assume a .5 chance of having a boy.
Type this in an excel cell
=binom.dist(5,8,.5,True)
and hit enter
.855469 would be the answer
Instructions:
For your post you will make up a problem similar to this example. Try to have at least 3 scenarios. You will not solve your own problem.
Then you will answer 2 classmates problems. Copy the question, type the excel formulas in an excel spreadsheet and attach it to your post so your professor and classmates can check your work. Then write a brief summary after the problem you copied in your post.
To earn full credit for this discussion, you must respond to at least two (2) of your peers and post your initial post by Thursday.

*Only during the first week of class are assignments not due until 11:59 p.m., ET, Sunday. After Week 1, all initial posts will be due Thursday, by 11:59 pm, ET.
Rubric for grading discussions: 60% – Initial Post; 20% – Each Response up to 2
Please sign ALL your Discussion posts with the name that you like to be called – it makes it so much easier for the rest of us to address you by your preferred name when we respond.

Topic A: You try to live strictly by the moral rules contained in your religion’s moral code. The two most important rules are “Be merciful” (don’t give people what they deserve) and “Be just” (give people exactly what they deserve). Now suppose a man is arrested for stealing food from your house, and the police leave it up to you whether he should be prosecuted for his crime or set free. Should you be merciful and set him free, or be just and make sure he is appropriately punished? How do you resolve this conflict of rules? Can your moral code resolve it? To what moral principles or theories do you appeal?

eview the YouTube video titled “What is Artificial Intelligence? In 5 Minutes”
Read the article titled, “The 7 Most Pressing Ethical Issues in Artificial Intelligence – Kambria”. Answer the following questions:
What is Artificial Intelligence and why is it important?
Based on the reading, take some time to think about what are some of the ethical issues in Artificial Intelligence. List and describe 4 of the 7 most important ethical issues in artificial intelligence. Why does the author say these ethical issues are important in the field of Artificial Intelligence?
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING THE ASSIGNMENT:
You will submit this assignment via the week’s module assessment link. Follow the directions there to submit each particular assignment.
Your assignment needs to be a word processor document. Word and Rich Text Format are the acceptable word processor formats. DO NOT send me a .pdf! If you use a MAC, you are encouraged to use Rich Text Format, since my PC’s cannot usually open Apple’s version of Word.
If I cannot open your document, I will email you. If I do not discover I cannot open your document until after the particular IR assignment has been called, it will be considered late, and not counted.
Save your document as your last name, first initial, and the abbreviation ArtIntel. So Minnie Mouse would save the assignment is as: MouseMArtIntel.
Here is how I will score these. You should use it as a kind of guideline.
ANSWER THE QUESTION: Clearly define Question 1 and state the importance of artificial intelligence to society.
MORAL ISSUE DESCRIPTION: After reading the relevant article, clearly identify and describes the moral issues in response to Question 2.
STYLE: The assignment is written in a style appropriate for a college-level Humanities class, with proper grammar, spelling, paragraph structure, etc. All quotes are properly cited. Previous Style comments have been followed.

You will view two films based on the lament written by Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill in the 1700s. Write a 600-word paper comparing the two films. As you compare the two films, ask yourself what elements specifically are similar and different. As we learn more about the lament in the weeks ahead, also consider how the films addressed the original source of inspiration. To what extent were they true to this source and were their attempts to portray the topic in a more modern way successful?
There are two ways we typically compare and contrast two works. One approach is to write an introduction to the topic, then write a description of the first film, and then write a description of the second film. And then write a summary to your paper. As you write each of the descriptions, you would go through a number of points that you feel are important to getting your ideas across. A second approach is to provide your introduction, and then go through each of the points you want to highlight about the films. For example if you compare and contrast based on 3 major points, you would discuss the first point considering the two films, then move on to the second point and discuss the two films and so on. In the end you would finish with a conclusion.
Please do not cut and paste from websites or previous student papers and place this text in your paper. I have read most of the websites on these topics, have copies of all previous papers on this topic, and will recognize this. If I find text that has not been properly inserted, I will return your paper and ask you to re-write. It will then be counted as late when you re-submit. Also if you properly give credit for phrases from the work of other’s using quotation marks, please do not include more than 10% quotes in your paper (maximum 60 words).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q2bCMS-s34



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yioePI7bUJ4
http://www.millstreet.ie/blog/2011/01/15/nora-ni-shindile

1000 word paper in which you will evaluate the modes of important biogeographic processes for your chosen clade processes such as speciation, glaciation, continental drift, extinction, and dispersal. When preparing your paper or presentation, you should use at least five new peer-reviewed references in addition to your original 5. (I attached my first paper that was part 1- this was done done well and got me a C so not the best reference but it is what I have to offer for background)
Basic Structure of Presentation
Introduction to your clade
What the sections of the presentation will be – tell us what you are going to tell us
Re-Introduces the taxonomic group. If you have more than 50 species/genera/subfamilies in your group then you should narrow down your focus this time.
Focused distributions
Last time you gave the distribution of your entire clade. This time you want to share more specific regional and local distributions (i.e., habitat use within the geographic range). In other words, describe the distribution of your groups at multiple spatial scales.
In your description, identify any anomalies or curiosities in the distribution of subgroups. For example, for continental species, do any distributions of subgroups extend to islands? What is the elevational distribution of the subgroups, or how is the elevational distribution constrained? Do subgroups overlap in the distribution or are they allopatric? What is the latitudinal extent of the distribution of subgroups?
Use additional maps and figures as necessary.
If this wasn’t in your first presentation: Find examples of species in your group that are rare, which are more common, which are endemic to certain areas, are they habitat specialists or generalists, do the species overlap in their ranges or are they broadly disjunct, do they hybridize?
Ecological biogeography
Summarize the current understanding of the geologic and climatic events (e.g., geological, climatic) that have resulted in the diversification and current distribution of your taxon and its subgroups.
Summarize the current understanding of the ecological processes (e.g., adaptation, dispersal) that helped shape the current distribution of your taxon and its subgroups. What processes most likely influenced the diversification/speciation of the group.
Conclusion
Tell us what you told us
Tell us what you might tell us about next time
Other Requirements
Figures:
Images of your organisms
Focal maps for individual species as examples of the processes that influenced the distribution
Include a more detailed phylogeny if you have narrowed down your group
Sources:
When presenting the information this time ensure that you incorporate the research into the talk/paper more explicitly. For example, you might say, “Jones and Barrow found that speciation in the tenrec was primarily influenced by…” or “In 2009 researchers from the University of Oxford determined that….)
Include a minimum of 5 additional sources. The majority of your sources should come from peer-reviewed scientific journals
Many online databases for species distributions have associated primary literature articles used to generate that information – try to find those sources

Which of the two soulutions work best?
Choice 1: The Learning Disabilities Association of America is a great resource for both parents and educators on Learning Disabilities. Review the section of the website for Educators and discuss the tips provided for one of the specific learning disabilities. Provide a brief description of the disorder itself and the suggested strategies for working with this disorder. Comment on the strategies suggested and how they can be implemented into the classroom.
Choice 2: Response to Intervention (RTI) is a strategy that is often used to help children with learning disabilities. Find a web resource that discusses RTI. Describe what RTI is and how it is used to help children in the classroom. Give your opinion of this strategy in working with children with Learning Disabilities. Be sure to include a link to your website in your post.
Jane is a first grade student who appears to be experiencing both expressive and receptive language difficulties. She has attended her home school since kindergarten and both Jane and her parents are native English speaking. Her kindergarten teacher did not document any difficulty with language in school records or mention anything to the parents.
Her first grade teacher has noticed that Jane experiences problems with orally expressing herself clearly and responding appropriately to what others say to her without a visual support or repeated attempts but no formal interventions have been tried. Jane’s parents have not been contacted yet. Her first grade teacher is concerned that Jane may have a specific learning disability because her language is affecting her ability to read, and do math, however she is not sure about how to get Jane the help that she may need.

Write a brief essay (800 words or no more than 3 pages, double spaced) about the role of music in your life. Consider this role from several angles. How did you experience music as a child? Teenager? Adult? Are you an active music maker, or do you experience music solely as
a listener/dancer? Was music ever instrumental in helping you to learn other material (e.g. many children learn the alphabet by singing it to the tune of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star”) When do you typically listen to music during the course of a day? Did music ever help you define your identity to others (think punk rockers…country music lovers…classical music geeks…etc…)? Post your essay on the discussion board. Read at least two of your
classmates’ essays and post a thoughtful response.

A title page
The body of the paper: minimum of three pages of text, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12-point with clear and understandable language with no grammar or spelling errors.
Provide adequate justification that supports your response with at least three appropriate references using textbooks, websites, and peer-reviewed journal articles.
Appropriate APA formatted in-text citations throughout the paper
A separate reference page with only the sources that you used in the body of the paper
Sources should be published within the last 5 years unless recent research is not available or if you are referencing seminal work.
Do not use Wikipedia or an encyclopedia as they are not considered academic sources.
For research tools and help, visit the ACC Library from the tab at the top of the page or from the main menu.
Review the rubric for more grading information.