Best Writer

R‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌eview the articles on the BP Gulf Oil spill and corporate social responsibility in your Required Readings. In your initial Discussion post include the following: Explain how the philosophy of Milton Friedman might have played a role in BP management’s ‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌decisions leading up to the disaster. Explain how use of the triple bottom line (TBL) framework theory and CSR could have led BP to make different decisions and avoid the disaster. What would have been the corporate considerations and decision making proce‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌ss?

Recent business trends have focused on worldwide product shortages and extreme problems with the global supply chain.

1. Please provide details about the history and origins of the current global supply chain problem. What is causing global supply shortages? Which specific industries have been impacted disproportionately? Which specific products are in low supply? In addition, what other logistical issues are contributing to this on-going problem? In terms of the market, detail at least three undesirable outcomes of supply chain shortages. Finally, what needs to happen to make supply shortages ease? 50 points

2. Assume that you are an advisor for a local small business association, detail three strategies to help small businesses (especially retail) relieve this problem? Assuming that the global supply chain doesn’t improve, what other things can businesses do to help fulfill consumer shopping and business supply chain needs?

Write a recent news article (within the past 12 months) that describes the latest developments in a conflict, issue, or other major event in this the NASWA realm. Provide a brief summary of the conflict/issue/event that your article describes, and your own analysis of how this issue might affect the realm, and might be resolved. Be sure that the topic of the news article has some connection with the geographical issues and concepts we’ve been discussing, and be sure to highlight these connections in your discussion.

Remember that your article summary must be in your own words to avoid plagiarism.

Open the attached study. Begin by briefly stating the purpose of the study.
Select and briefly describe two demographic variables used in the study (reported in Table 1).
What is the level of measurement for each of these variables?
Which descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages, or measures of central tendency and dispersion) did the authors report?
Were these measures appropriate? For interval/ratio level variables, did the authors comment on whether these demographics were skewed? If not, do they appear to be skewed/non-normally distributed? Is so, please explain your thought process in making this determination.
Look for any inconsistencies as well (e.g., means reported for ordinal level data, interval/ratio level data reported in ranges). These are not necessarily incorrect and may represent collapsing data. Please discuss this.
Select and briefly describe two outcome variables (primary or secondary outcomes or end points) used in the study.
What was the level of measurement for each of these variables?
Was each variable measured directly or indirectly?
Are the variables you selected independent variables, dependent variables, or variables of interest (descriiptive)?
Do either of these represent subscale/factor scores created from summing survey instrument item responses? If so, describe the level of data measurement of the survey item responses as well as that of the subscale/factor scores.
Was a descriiptive, parametric, or non-parametric analysis chosen for each variable? Which variables were combined into one analysis? Discuss why the authors chose the particular broad analysis, as well as the specific statistical tests conducted on each variable/variable combination. Comment on whether you think these choices were correct, and why or why not.

This 2 page paper should follow current APA guidelines and include a minimum of 2 peer-reviewed and/or scholarly references, in addition to the article selected for a total of at least 3 references with DOIs.

Consider the Rule of Double effect. pp. 167 – 169. Outline RDE and describe a case in which an otherwise immoral act may be justified through use of the RDE.

Discuss about a climate change essay needs to be written in a cause and effect style.
research paper must contain an introduction, a thesis statement, three to five credible sources, at least one graphic aid, a conclusion, and a Works Cited page.

This is just an example of what the essay should look like do not take what it says into the essay you will write.

A. Thesis statement
To better understand the impact of drought, it is important to know what drought is, the natural and human-made factors that contribute to it, and the devastating short- and long-term effects that it will cause, locally and globally.

II. Body

A. Definition
Topic sentence: The topic of drought—and indeed the very definition of the word—can be controversial, but there is a scientific definition that is almost universally regarded as correct.
Evidence: Data and statistics showing lack of rainfall and shortage of water in the western United States.

B. Causes
Topic sentence: Most scientists believe that the causes of today’s drought are a combination of natural events and human activity.
Evidence: Quotes and research findings from expert scientists who believe that the causes of today’s drought are a combination of natural events and human activity.

C. Effects
Topic sentence: The consequences of drought will be felt in both the short and long terms.
Evidence: Data and predictions by expert scientists about what the consequences of drought will be in both the short and long term. Focus on both local and global effects.

III. Conclusion

Week 5 Assignment – Management Liability Scenario
Overview

In this assignment you apply contract and product liability law to a business scenario.

Scenario

Mowers, Inc., a fictional company, has a flourishing lawncare business. The business has two full-time employees who have been with the company for five years. All employees are trained on using the lawn equipment and, upon being hired, signed a waiver-of-liability contract limiting liability for the company. The owner, Brian, tells his employees “Not to worry—the company will protect you!”

One employee, Lori, was on the job cutting a lawn. Lori was riding a mower, a Ferrari 2000, which was three years old and in good working condition. The step-up on the mower had writing on it with a warning sticker to replace the sandpaper liner for traction every three years due to normal wear and tear. It was replaced every three years as required.

Lori stepped down off the rider, slipped because of moisture from the grass, and severed her pinky toe on the mower blade. When she fell to the ground, the mower continued through the grass and proceeded by itself to cut and mulch a neighbor’s prize roses. Peta, the neighbor, was preparing for a rose competition with a potential grand prize of $10,000.

Instructions

Consider the above scenario and write 3–4 pages in which you make the following determinations. Make sure to cite and explain the law for each determination.

Pursuant to contract law requirements, determine the legality of the waiver and whether verbal assurances become part of the written contract. Support your response.
Discuss and determine whether the plaintiff has a product liability case against the manufacturer for each of the following defects. Support your response.
Design.
Manufacturing.
Failure-to-warn.
Determine whether the employee has a claim for injuries and whether the employee can recover pain and suffering damages per tort or worker’s compensation law. Support your response.
Note:

Remember, you are demonstrating your understanding of the law, so explain the law first and then make your determination. Be informative and show what you know! References should be from credible and reputable legal sources.

1‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌. Describe the ethical and legal issues of advanced directives including the role and responsibilities of the healthcare surrogate decision-maker. 2. Discuss the nursing management of the client-‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌family unit at end-of-life.3. Based on what you’ve learned about the nursing process, describe one applicable nursing diagnosis, treatments and nursing considerations for this diagnosis. 2 scour‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌ces

1‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌. Review classifications of burn injury depth. 2. Identify the key components of caring for the client with burns in the rehabilitation phase of recovery. 3. Describe one nursing or client teaching consideration in regard to each of the following for the client receiving Warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. 4‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌. Describe the recommended schedule for adult vaccination administration and the nurses’ role in educating the client and administration. 5. List four nursing considerations around NSAIDS and homeopathic preparations. 6. What are some non-pharmacologic methods that can be used to relieve pain? APA format 2 sour‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌ces

Respond to the 3 following discussion posts separately with separate reference lists.

1. [Simon Stewart] Identification of the problem

This post will cover the Atlantic Lumber Traders (ALT) case. The core problems faced by ALT occurred in 1988 (Roberts & Hendry, 1991):

The important loss of $174K in 1988

The high debt to equity ratio of 17:1

Inability to sustain any further losses

Cause of the problems.

Selling policies. David Lawson, who managed the company until 1988, in order to satisfy customers sold lumbers in irregular lots rather than following the usual practice of selling full lots (Roberts & Hendry, 1991). This caused an important increase in stock that would have been difficult to sell. In fact, due to this practice, ALT had to write-down its inventory.

Too many non-revenue generating employees. In 1988 there were 11 employees of which 6 of office staff and 5 salesmen (Roberts & Hendry, 1991). This caused an important increase (+$252K, +106%) in salaries from 1986 to 1988. This % increase in salaries between 1986 and 1988 was considerably higher than the increase in sales that was of a mere 34%. This meant that salaries costs were growing at a much quicker rate than sales, eroding ALT’s gross profit. In fact, in 1986 salaries were 1.89% on sales, in 1988 2.9%. That may not seem very much, but for a company with such small gross profit margins (≈5%) it is a lot.

a

Prescribe possible alternatives.

Stop selling irregular lots and decreasing as much as possible fixed costs.

Plan of action recommendation.

Stop selling irregular lots by prohibiting salesman to do so unless there is the certainty those remaining irregular lots will bill sold very quickly.

As Gail, David’s successor, did, I would try to reduce salaries as much as possible and make them as variable as possible. This means first of all understanding why 6 office employees were needed. For such a small company one employee in administration and one that has a transversal role (customer service, overall bureaucracy) may be enough. In order to generate again profit, salesman would get a 1.5% gross commission on sales, and the two office employees would cost $40K each. Assuming in 1989 $10Mil in sales, total salaries costs would be 230K ($150K of commissions to salesmen + $80K of office staff). This would allow to reach operating profit, appear healthier towards banks, access more capital hence allowing growth. A 3-year ramp up assuming a 30% growth in sales year over year, 5% GP margin, salaries costs as described above, and 2% of other costs on sales could be as follows:

s

From year one ALT would start generating some operating income, then it will go better and better because the $80K of the two office employees are fixed (assuming they don’t get pay rises).

Discuss the importance and relevance of the case to the study of business.

It is important because it makes the reader reflect on how just a few bad decisions without forecasting their impacts can turn a profitable business in an unprofitable one.

References:

Roberts, G.S. & Hendry, L.P. (1991). Atlantic lumber traders. Acadia Institute for Case Studies. Acadia University.

2. [Valerie Hubis] Identify the Problem

Atlantic Lumber Traders are facing a problem with working capital. According to Li et al. (2014), working capital refers to the difference in current assets and current liabilities in an organization, which affects the organization’s performance. The low working capital of the company creates a need for additional funds to compensate for a shortage of funds. Atlantic Lumber Traders is experiencing operating loss and net losses in the organization.

Causes for the Problem

The cause of the working capital problem in Atlantic Lumber Traders is due to the lack of cash flows. The cash flow limitation is a result of different factors. The company experiences delays in its accounts receivable due to poor inventory management, affecting sales of the products. Also, the company faces a working capital problem since it has high liquidity, thus failing to increase its profits due to the debt to equity ratio of the company. Atlantic Lumber Traders maintains its operations with debts that have high interest rates (Roberts & Hendry, 2012).

Possible Alternatives and Recommendations

The company can improve its working capital by promoting the organization’s sales. One recommendation to increase sales is by offering credits and discounts for its products (Heisinger & Hoyle, 2012). The company should also improve its inventory management and reduce expenses to promote adequate cash flows.

The company should not continue borrowing the additional cash since it will affect the ability to pay the interest and dividends in the future. Low working capital leads to the consumption of loans with high-interest rates (Li et al., 2014). Companies with cash flow problems should enhance their cost management strategy. Improving cost management strategy will help improve the cash flow by enhancing an efficient inventory and reducing the delays in accounts receivables. The increase in the ROA, ROE, and invested capital compared to other high profit outlets will demonstrate a change in its working capital (Heisinger & Hoyle, 2012).

Importance of the Case

The study enhances the understanding of the different aspects of an organization’s operations, finances, management, and cost accounting. Improving inventory management, adopting technology in the accounting process, and meeting the debt obligations can enhance organizational performance and ensures that the business maximizes profits.

References

Heisinger, K., & Hoyle, J. (2012). Managerial Accounting. Saylor Foundation.

Li, C.-guo, Dong, H.-min, Chen, S., & Yang, Y. (2014). Working Capital Management, corporate performance, and strategic choices of the wholesale and retail industry in China. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1–15.

Roberts, G.S. & Hendry, L.P. (1991). Atlantic lumber traders. Acadia Institute for Case Studies. Acadia University.

3. [ Julianna Mimande ]
Introduction

In the field of management studies, accounting plays an integral role in the measuring, tracking, planning, and operation of any business. The two main fields of accounting are financial and managerial, with the former advising both internal and external stakeholders on the condition of the business, and the latter informing internal stakeholders such as operational decision-makers (An introduction to business, 2012). As businesses face environmental challenges, it is valuable to understand the role of accounting, including understanding financial statements and trend analysis, competitor analysis, and financial ratios in order to make informed and strategic decisions (Heisinger & Hotel, 2012).

Atlantic Lumber Traders

Established in 1983 by Edward and Gail Hall, Atlantic Lumber Traders (ALT) is a wholesale lumber provider that sources raw materials from local mills and sells them to outlets, general contractors, and large end-users (Roberts, 1991). After four years of increasing sales, the company began showing an operating loss which prompted to Gail take a more active part in the management of the company by making some aggressive changes and engaging with their bank to address ALT current market position, debt, and plans for moving forward. Lynne, the bank representative charged with the account assessed the company using a combination of financial accounting and anecdotal information known to the bank and provided by Gail.

Financial Problems at ALT

In the fifth year of operation, ALT saw an operating loss of $219,666 and a net loss of $174, 216 on $17 million in sales. Also, high inventory levels totaling $600,000, including difficult-to-sell irregular lots, were above acceptable limits. Finally, the high debt-to-equity ratio left ALT in a vulnerable market position considering the competition was aggressive in the area (Roberts & Hendry, 1991).

Root Cause of the Financial Problems

Gail and Edward had relied on David Lawson, ALT’s manager, more than they should have during the first years of business, thereby missing key financial indicators that there were several issues with operating practices. Speculation purchasing by David overshot the industry-standard inventory levels of $200,000 by $400,000, putting the business in an unmanageable debt-to-equity ratio. David had increased staffing levels in the office to a ratio not sustainable to the sales volume. And finally, by selling irregular lot sizes, against the industry standard, David left the company with a surplus of less popular lots, making them difficult to sell (Roberts & Hendry, 1991).

Action Plan for ALT

As Gail focused more on the ALT accounting, the operational issues became clear, and she immediately began to make the required adjustments using trend analysis. Trend analysis allowed Gail to analyze the company data over time using trend percentage as an indicator of success (Heisinger & Hoyle, 2012). Given the Halls’s reputation in the area, Gail was able to leverage its credibility to maintain a strong brand and competitive advantage while she adjusted. She immediately reduced staff to a more realistic sales-per-employee ratio (Johnston, 2017), made an inventory ‘write-down’ to reduce the inventory losses, and put forth personal guarantees to offset the debt-to-equity position.

Conclusion

Using trend analysis is an important part of financial management. As Gail learned, increasing sales does not always mean increasing profit. It is important to understand how to analyze and interpret financial statements to help direct day-to-day operations as well as a long-term strategy. Key financial indicators including trend analysis, competitor analysis, and financial ratios will support practical decision-making (Heisinger & Hoyle, 2012). In the case of ALT, monitoring management efficiency ratios such as employee per sales ratio would have prevented high labour costs before they became an issue. Further to that, tracking the debt-to-equity ratio could have prevented the high inventory that became a burden to the company.

References

An introduction to business. (2012, December 29). Lardbucket.org. Licensed under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0

Heisinger, K., & Hoyle, J. B.(2012). Chapter -13 How do managers use financial and nonfinancial performance measures. In Managerial Accounting, 1030 –1129 . Saylor Foundation. licensed under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0.

Johnston, K. (2017, November 21). Employee sales vs. cost ratio. Small Business – Chron.com. Retrieved April 30, 2022, from

Roberts, G.S. & Hendry, L.P. (1991). Atlantic lumber traders. Acadia Institute for Case Studies. Acadia University.