How Subjectivity is as important as Objectivity in Science

This was my essay proposal:
In science, I intend to write about the concept of objectivity. Whether science is objective or not is a point of contention. Many scientists believe that objectivity is the most crucial factor in determining scientific values. Others have claimed that scientific value is more than merely objectivity. One of the authors I came across that agrees with this is Andrew Curtis. I intend to explain and analyze how individuals like him deal with the reality that science is, by definition, an objective process, but that subjectivity may work into the outcomes through interpretation or mistake. Instead of merely individuals describing objectivity without knowing the context or what comes with it, I aim to show that objectivity in science is not the only thing in scientific writing. I’d like to instil in individuals a clear understanding of how important subjectivity is. Scientists may be certain that they will keep to the facts and reduce the effect of personal, preconceived views by using the scientific method, which gives an objective, standardized way to performing tests and so enhances their results. However, it appears to me that this idea is insufficient. It does not explain how humans make subjective decisions about the scientific approaches to use. My current aim is to review some of the literature on objectivity and subjectivity, as well as a study that puts both methodologies to the test by highlighting the fact that subjectivity is just as essential as objectivity. Then I’ll try to narrow in on the two lines of criticisms I mentioned before.

This is my abstract on the final essay:
In this paper, I will discuss the notion of objectivity. The question of whether science is objective or not is a controversial one. Objectivity, according to many scientists, is the most important component in defining scientific values. Others have argued that scientific worth consists of more than just objectivity. I want to highlight that objectivity in science is not the only thing in scientific writing, rather than just individuals describing it without knowing the context or what it entails. I would like to infuse in them a firm knowledge of the value of subjectivity. Using the scientific method, which provides an objective, standardized technique to conduct tests and therefore improves their outcomes, scientists may be certain that they will stick to the facts and decrease the impact of personal, preconceived beliefs. However, I believe that this concept is insufficient. It does not explain how people make subjective choices about which scientific methods to use. My current goal is to evaluate some of the literature on objectivity and subjectivity, as well as conduct a study that puts both approaches to the test by emphasizing the importance of subjectivity. Then I will attempt to focus on the two critique lines I indicated before.

Some basic formatting requirements:
12 point font
Double spaced
Chicago Manual Style citations throughout, either (author-date) or footnotes
All quotations must be in quotation marks, with a citation and page number
An abstract of between 75 and 125 words
An introduction and a conclusion
2000-2500 words, not including bibliography
A bibliography containing all and only the sources cited throughout the paper
Minimum of 5 scholarly sources, with 10 being a reasonable maximum (though there is no penalty for including more)
Citations already found
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/10.1002/tea.21461

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09544829508907912?needAccess=true

https://watermark.silverchair.com/95.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAApEwggKNBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJ-MIICegIBADCCAnMGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMqrScaTgLkw_W3rYuAgEQgIICROYFmzmDoqOiyQ8ioEI0GwL_v_sBN_RF2EnxiceNgo7Gl78saI_-JJ3OAp_AkNnO5AHPIO_RuqFQjmF2Y03NCjaJhieHYBhMi3IAB6ge85z-jKKrG8q_FRWI9cKCQcdo8YYhwu0WVotufWvJLu9sChSgutdvqGGc7EtFJ4k5ly9-jl8igg0ff91P1-wHGo_UYW64UXKkEeWYBVycgrfzYnpDujtnM_7TYblEbe8Airm13rNj9GIYL4SgIM4bfxpHXR8QzsX_awZkihMbGsIaNMBoFYKDpceRizY6isSPGz_68OVKCnvoCT6GEzg6vFr3_DTxUYA6eWy4NZFDefYV_7dzAmr5LZjrtQifiuxlWz_Fb-Zii-GOzRFCdspz7h3uovGJXhDtxT4RSD-lzM6IKi3xttCOVVLg6zPngggV-ZyBlIeYjKghOnJkkMWXcvpGyo79D1Vo0lAhVvRV5KOxOQpYQAm-oRFKlflDLzw0kOBKMPBhDAX1S568GLZRF1ysGhRxLFxFCIrzBNqxCrpD9L8xeO-EXjjqHlMQGv1q-zndwUPFqv_2o7yV5QLBT2GZ7SYTyVMLrT0oQVxwe6NX-ut7ehr9d__K_7ywIa9SLxhcK4bhD3Fs0jeuBbeCLTtQbqwQrguS8VGFmUB0RNawqKBh-YRnOzpSvxKhd1Ddvmi_fe1op7iRRuO6VgmmsPJAQPNNdOd9J6T3-P5m6fBNFNmh88GXjFj4jYPNhqLKDKNA11g9gzrZd3anQfgDb-Nz5tCw2uY

cause effect crime

Write at least three paragraphs using APA style to explain the Causes And Effects Of Crime In Society. Use at least 2 resources to support your paper and be sure to include in-text citations and references.

Scientific Perspectives

I am choosing option number 1

Choose a publicly discussed scientific topic that you would like to research.
Research the public discussion (discourse) on that topic, analyze the perspective surrounding that
topic, and whether its observers are presented with a biased viewpoint.

Your final essay should be 4-6 pages and must be in MLA format with parenthetical citations
and a Works Cited page.

“4 pages” means 4 full pages, exclusive of the Words Cited page and any supporting material
(transcripts of interviews, for example).

Supply Chain Chaos

Today we are experiencing a global supply
crisis with the delivering of products taking 2-3 times longer than they did
one year ago. Products that had a 6-10 week historical delivery pattern
are now taking 20-24 weeks to be delivered.
The primary cause often cited for the
global crisis is the current Covid-19 pandemic. There is no doubt that the Covid-19
pandemic may have instigated the issue, but I believe the problems may have
always been there but hidden just below the surface. As an FYI, for the most
part, experts believe that the current crisis will possibly prevail through mid
2023.
Action Required:
Please review the
video links provided below as the starting point to researching what you
think caused the current crisis and what do you suggest that we do about it,
both short and long term, to minimize the impact to the end customer or
possibly eliminate the problem re-surfacing in the future.
Leads/ideas that
may help in your research…..

·
Raw material shortages
particularly steel
·
Supplier capacity….if they had
available capacity before the pandemic by the problem now?
·
Manpower shortages
·
Shipping Congestion
·
North American trucking
situation
·
Lack of ocean-going cargo vessels
and shipping containers for the far east
·
Look at the problem from a
QCDDv view point.

Logistics play a large part of the transportation
of products whether made in North America or offshore, therefore anything that
we can do to minimize the impact of transportation is especially important to a
company’s bottom line – their profit!
Below are links to two video’s that:
(1)
shows the situation at the Los
Angeles Port of product arriving from overseas, and the challenges that they
face in receiving and moving product on to its final destination

(2)
How Amazon is dealing with
current supply chain issues, to minimize the impact to their customers.

Please cite any of your research sources
that that assists you in making your recommendations, including the two videos
listed above.
See suggested format below…….
I would suggest is a business report that
is clear and concise but should contain the following:
·
Executive Summary – include a
summary of the situation that provides your manager/director an overview to
understand the root cause(s) of the issue, and a summary what your key
recommendations.
·
Situational Analysis – what are
facts as you know them….just the facts, not the analysis or possible solutions
as that comes later.
·
List of problems/concerns and your
suggested countermeasures of how they may be fixed going forward.
– You should be
able to list 3-6 possible options with potential solutions
Unlike most
reports that you have done or college or university, length is not important –
you don’t need to fill the report with useless dialogue – keep the report as concise
and complete as you can but it still has to contain all the necessary elements to
build a convincing argument.

Public Health issue picked

Select a current public health issue from the Healthy People website. Healthy People 2030 | health.gov
Create a 10- to 12-slide presentation
Title slide (1 slide)
Introduction slide (1 slide)
Provide a summary of the selected public health issue, including the affected population(s) (Overview tab). (1–2 slides)
Discuss what local, state, and/or federal government health programs are responsible for addressing the issue. (1 slide)
Discuss what non-governmental agencies are assisting in addressing the issue. (1 slide)
Give an explanation of the need for collaboration between government and non-governmental stakeholders. (1–2 slides)
Propose a minimum of three evidence-based solutions that could be used to address the health issue (use the Interventions & Resources tab to assist). (2–3 slides)
Describe the challenges the stakeholders face when implementing evidence-based solutions, including but not limited to reaching the affected population(s) (target audience) and funding. (1 slide)
Conclusion (1 slide)
Format references in 7th edition APA style. (as many slides as needed)
Requirements
Your submission is created in a Microsoft PowerPoint® presentation.
To meet the objective requirements, your presentation is at least 10 slides in length,
Your submission includes specific examples of concepts, topics, definitions, and other elements to demonstrate mastery of the objective.
Your oral communication uses Standard English and includes a highly developed and sustained viewpoint and purpose.
Communication is highly ordered, logical, and unified.
Oral delivery techniques, including word choice and oral expressiveness, display exceptional content, organization, and style while leading the audience to a dynamic and supported conclusion.
A document or presentation slide is submitted that contains a list of references for all sources used following proper APA citation style.
Please review the APA formatting and citation style in Academic Tools – Academic Writer.
Reference:
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Healthy people 2030. http://www.healthypeople.gov

The History of Technology in Policing

Identify and explain how technology was used in each of the following policing eras:
Political Era
Professional Era
Community Oriented Era
Identify and explain how technology changed policing methods in patrol during each policing era.
Examine how the effect of science and technology had an impact on the world as it applies to policing.
Compare the benefits and challenges that policing has encountered as a result of interactions with science and technology.

Discussion Thread: The Balfour Declaration

Its been over a century since the Balfour Declaration of 1917, one of the most important ‘unofficial’ documents published in the 20th Century. From the readings and your own research, discuss the key players (people, groups, or states) involved in mobilizing support for the document, their respective motives or expectations, and the document’s impact on the future of USFP in the region.

In addition to the positive intent of the document, historians see problems with the way the text was written and interpreted. Reading the Balfour Declaration through the lens of a foreign policy analyst, can you identify what some of these problems were or would later become?

No title page needed. Author date in text citation 9th edition turabian and bibliography 9th edition turabian. Use the one source attached and one more source. See other attached files also. Can use sumatrapdf for the epub file.

Creative activities

Overview:
Teachers can inspire children to be adventurous and give them the confidence to try new things so they can develop creative problem-solving skills. There are countless ideas for art projects– but one of the best ways to help you to remember ideas – and convey enthusiasm – is to try them out yourself! Note that it is the process, not the product that counts for your activity so take a risk and be creative! Aspire to model confidence and risk-taking by being adventuresome yourself!
For this assignment, you will:
a) Make any three of the art projects from the list provided below. b) Write an essay where you address the seven items listed below.
See the attached document for complete instructions and a grading rubric. Submit your completed assignment to the above submission link by 11:59 p.m. EST, Sunday of Unit 5.
Instructions:
1. Choose any three (3) activities from the “Activities for Children” list in the Chapter
11 Review. See the list below but go to the chapter for details and illustrations:
Some Variations on Easel Painting Cracked Paint and Crayon Drawings Painting with Soft Objects
Cornmeal Paintings
Surprising Designs
Cotton Swab Painting
Button Printing
Sponge Painting
Paper Towel Painting
Crayon Surfaces
Finger Painting with Ice Cubes Printing
Fabric Painting Pinecone Printing Combination Painting

2. Try each of your three activity selections yourself, and:
a. Takeapictureofeachofyourthreeactivitycreations.
b. Write a two-page essay with at least one paragraph about each
activity in which you address the following seven things for each activity:
Requirements
1. 2.
3.
4.
5. 6. 7.
Identifythetypeofartactivity(i.e.,SpongePainting)
Identify the stage or stages of art that would be appropriate for the activity. For example, would it be scribble, preschematic, schematic, and/or gang stage. Remember, as stated in the introduction to Chapter 11 in your text, “
List the materials for the activity. They need to be appropriate for the stage of art. If you would do the same activity with children that are in different art stages, you might need different materials for different children to do the same activity.
Describe the space required for the activity. For example, indoors or outdoors or both. Would you use the floor, large table etc.
Describe clean-up considerations
Describe safety precautions if needed.
Describe any aspect of your experience doing the activity. Did you improvise with the materials? Did you try a few attempts? Are you happy with the experience? Was it fun?
theories are two facts The first is that all children go through
definite stages in their development of art. The second is that the
pace of each child’s development in art varies with the child.”
• Submit a Word document of 2- page essay that includes the seven things listed above. Use double-spacing and Times New Roman, 12-point font.
• Include a photo of each of your three activities with your submission (3 photos total).
Be sure to read the criteria below by which your work will be evaluated before

the clinical problem that you have identified in your area of nursing practice (

Assignment Description:
Practice Change Simulation
Create a 7-9 minute video that reflects upon the clinical problem that you have identified in your area of nursing practice (as identified in Module 1). Critically appraise the research and summarize the knowledge available on the clinical problem (minimum requirement of 6 scholarly journal articles reviewed and appraised for application to practice problem). Outline a strategic plan for implementation of a practice change in your clinical practice environment based upon your findings. Describe how you intend to operationalize the practice change in your practice environment. What theoretical model will you use and how will you overcome barriers to implementation? What sources of internal evidence will you use in providing data to demonstrate improvement in outcomes? Describe evaluation methods of implementation clearly. Are there any ethical considerations?
The presentation should be a simulation of what you would present to your unit staff in an effort to gain buy-in as you initiate the practice change in your area of practice. Use a recording platform of your choice and either upload as an mp4 or share the link directly to the video in the dropbox. ***Please do not record as voice-over PowerPoint because this cannot be saved in mp4 format or a link.*** If you submit your assignment as a PowerPoint with voice over recording you will not receive credit for your assignment (or partial credit as you did not meet the full requirements of the assignment.)
If PowerPoint is used for the presentation, include the reference slide; if PowerPoint is not used in the presentation, please submit a list of the references in a Word document utilized to develop the presentation in APA format to the dropbox in a separate submission (be sure to orally cite your sources if no PowerPoint is used to identify the sources)
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 7-9 minute presentation (with or without PowerPoint slides); if no
PowerPoint used submit APA Reference list separately
Structure: If PowerPoint is used: Include a title slide, objective slide, content slides, reference slide in APA format. There is no specific slide number required.
References: Use appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of six (6) scholarly journal articles are required for this assignment.
Rubric: This assignment uses a rubric for scoring. Please review it as part of your assignment preparation and again prior to submission to ensure you have addressed its criteria at the highest level.
Format: Save your assignment as a mp4 format or as an attached link to the recording.
File name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the assignment number (for example, “RHall Assignment 1.docx”)

the idea of latin america

Write a well-organized essay with a minimum of 1000 to 1200 words (3 to 4 pages double-spaced) in which you address the following:
PROMPT: Analyze and discuss the material that has been assigned, and address the following statement: “Those countries south of the United States which speak languages derived from Latin, such as Spanish, Portuguese or French have a common heritage and identity and should be included in the phrase ‘Latin America’.” Discuss if you agree or disagree with the statement.
Talk about the significance of names such as “American,” “Spanish American,” “Creoles” and “Latin Americans.” Why choose one identity over another? Which countries are traditionally included in the designation “Latin American”? Why? Which countries are excluded?
Some issues to consider:
Should English-speaking countries such as Belize and Jamaica be included in Latin America? What about Dutch-speaking countries such as Surinam?
Should Puerto Rico be included in Latin America since it is not an independent country?
What about Bolivar and Jose Martí’s idea of calling all the countries part of “Nuestro América” instead of dividing the hemisphere between North, South, and Central?
Some Brazilians do not like to be included in Latin America. Do they have a point? Would “Ibero-America” be a better term?
Haiti has traditionally been included in Latin America by some scholars but excluded by others. What about Quebec?
If your family is from Latin America or a Spanish-speaking country you prefer to refer to yourself as “Latino”? or “Hispanic?” or just American?