OPTION C – Find an example of one of the “Propaganda techniques used on you every day
Read the page on Propaganda Techniques Used on You Every Day. Then, find an example of at least one of these techniques being used. This may be a news report to “inform” the public, or an opinion offered by some “expert” on some issue, or it may be standard commercial advertising to buy products. What is important is describing how the technique(s) are being employed to sway public opinion. Address the following:
Which of the seven propaganda techniques can you identify as an example to expand on that is being used today in politics, news reporting, or even in consumer advertising? What seems to be the goal of the propaganda producer, and how has this technique been employed to achieve the desired effect?
Can you determine ‘who is really telling me this and why?’ How might you warn others to be on guard from this technique
READ THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL
Propaganda: “Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view” (from the Oxford English Dictionary)
It is hard to do anything in this society without being bombarded by messages from advertisements, commercials, and social media that seem to influence or affect many apsects of our everyday life. Much of it is one form of propaganda or another, but how can we tell? What are the common techniques propagandists use to sell us everything from diet pills to a new war?
The article excerpt and video below lay out some of the most popular and prolific techniques of modern propaganda commonly used in countries or by companies around the world (while there are a few minor differences between the video and the article, most of it overlaps). Think about the way that propaganda differs from more open, honest forms of communication or messaging. As you learn about these techniques, be thinking about:
Can you identify an example any of the following techniques to expand on that is being used today in politics, news reporting, or even in consumer advertising? What seems to be the goal of the propaganda producer, and how has this technique been employed to achieve the desired effect?
Can you determine ‘who is really telling me this and why?’ How might you warn others to be on guard from this technique?
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Recognizing types of propaganda techniques makes them less effective:
Propaganda techniques find their way into our politics, our advertising and our speech.
by Richard Elfers
Jan 18, 2019
We live in a time when information is politicized. [These] seven propaganda techniques can open our eyes to see what is hidden in plain sight.
Bandwagon: Everyone is doing it, so you should too. This technique is found in ads and political statements. Psychological pressure is applied to the natural human desire to be part of the group, to be accepted, to fit in. Its likely there has been a time in your life when you were pressured to conform to a viewpoint or face ostracism.
Card Stacking: Highlighting good information and leaving out the bad. Whether you are a Democrat or a Republican, the president or a child, we all have used this approach. I remember when my two children were ages 4 and 6. They had gotten into a fight. I walked in and asked each separately what had happened. Their statements pointed out why their position was just and their siblings was wrong. I remember thinking at the time that my children were destined to become lawyers. Their arguments were so persuasive. They were effectively using card stacking without even understanding this natural human tendency to filter information, so it makes one point of view look good and the other bad.
Plain Folks: The product (or the politician) is for people just like you. President Donald Trump is a master of this approach. Even though he is a billionaire, he was elected because he has a gift for sensing intuitively what his much poorer supporters want to hear and then saying what they are thinking. They roar with approval at phrases like: Lock her up! or Build the wall! not because they actually believe that thats what should be done, but because he is expressing their thoughts.
The Testimonial: If a celebrity likes it, then you should, too. This technique is used in advertising. When actor Matthew McConaughey drives a Lincoln, hes viewed as cool and sophisticated and part of the elite, and people who drive a Lincoln therefore fit in that same category.
Politicians also use this technique. If a popular politician is viewed as in favor of some cause, then his followers will also be in favor of it. Devotees of either political party believe what they do, not necessarily because they have really studied an issue like climate change, but because their party states that it is an important issue. Its not that the political party is taking a stand on an issue because their supporters believe in it. Research has demonstrated this phenomenon.
Glittering Generalities: Advertisers use terms like best, great, new and improved. Politicians use terms like: human rights, justice, freedom and Make America Great Again. These words are never really explained. They leave it up to individuals to define the terms. The marketeer or candidate is putting a spin on his product to make it desirable or meaningful.
Name Calling: Socialist, patriot, stupid, war hero. The use of this technique has increased exponentially since the 2016 election. Several letters-to-the-editor have used the word socialist without ever defining what the term actually means in real life. Police, the military, environmental laws and water and sewer systems are all examples of socialism, but are rarely considered when the epithet socialist is used.
Transfer: Invoking something revered like Jesus or the U.S. (this can also be negative, like comparing someone to Hitler or Stalin). Both sides of the political spectrum use these phrases frequently to denigrate the beliefs of the other side. The problem arises when these terms are used; reason goes out the window and emotion comes rushing in. People become irrational because these words often elicit awe or fear.
These propaganda techniques find their way into our politics, our advertising and our speech. Hopefully, by making visible what has been invisible, we can become more discerning and thoughtful. We can become truly educated and much more aware of our emotional tendencies.
As Jesus so aptly stated, You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.