Premium Writing

TASK: Select one of the three options below and address the question(s) listed. Clearly label your subject when you reply: sodium, caffeine or water.

1. Sodium

Go to the web-site Science Daily https://www.sciencedaily.com and search for an article about sodium in diet, summarize what you learned and compare to the information about sodium in the textbook. Any surprises? Do you pay attention to the amount of sodium in your diet? Why or why not?

2. Caffeine

Go to the web-site Science Daily https://www.sciencedaily.com and search for an article about caffeine. Summarize what you learned and compare to the information about caffeine in the textbook. Any surprises? Do you pay attention to the amount of caffeine in your diet? Why or why not?

3. Water

Do you drink mainly bottled water or tap water? Which do you believe is the safest options? What are some concerns associated with tap water vs. bottled water? Reference the textbook and at least one other reliable information source in your post.

Writing Assignment #4
Research-Based Report to a Decision-maker
Summary of assignment
Task: You write a report that does the following:
o defines a problem persuasively and accurately
o proposes a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
o presents that solution to a decision-maker or group of decision-makers who can implement the recommendation
Topic: You will choose the same topic on which you wrote the memo for writing assignment #3.
Length: 2000-3000 words
Format: Your sources will be cited and listed in APA format.
Writing Process: You will submit a first draft of the report to the assignment folder. The first draft will be given comments by the instructor. After receiving comments from the instructor, you will submit a revised draft. The final draft will be graded.
If you do not submit a second draft, the first draft will be graded.
Components of the report:
o title page
o letter to the decision maker (this can be a business letter OR a memo)
o executive summary
o table of contents
o introduction
o body of the report to include headings and subheadings
o conclusion stated as a recommendation for implementation of the solution
o References page, with references listed in APA 7th Edition format
o Any appendix (or appendices if there are multiples)
Secondary Sources
ONLY SECONDARY SOURCES are to be used for the WRTG 394 research report. If you complete
The complete report should also cite at least NINE secondary sources. At least FIVE of these secondary sources should come from peer-reviewed, scholarly journals.
As noted above, your secondary sources will be integrated into the paper to explain the problem, to provide evidence of the problem, and to support the solution.
You might have taken WRTG 393 at UMGC. In WRTG 393, the final paper is a white paper. This assignment is different from the white paper in WRTG 393. In this paper for WRTG 394, you are writing to a specific decision-maker about a specific problem in your workplace or community. The audience is much more focused than that for the white paper in WRTG 393.
Graphics (Photos, Charts, Graphs, or other Visuals)
Your report might benefit from graphics. As mentioned above, pictures of your workplace or community situation might help illustrate the problem you are trying to address. Graphs, tables, or charts might help show trends that will persuade your decision-maker that the problem exists.
Please do not incorporate a graphic for the sake of incorporating a graphic. Include a graphic only if it helps communicate a message in your report.
Due Date
Your instructor will notify you of the due date. You will write a first draft, your instructor will comment on the first draft, and you will submit a second draft using the comments as your guide.
Guides to Help You in Writing this Assignment:
Victoria University of Wellington
Colorado State University
Topic Selection:
For this report, you will write on the same topic on which you wrote the memo for writing assignment #3. In addition, it should be related to the topic on which you wrote writing assignment #2. The secondary research you conducted for writing assignment #2 should be usable in some form for this report.
You must contact your instructor for approval before changing your topic from writing assignment #3. In addition, if you do so, you must re-submit a memo for writing assignment #3.

EXAMPLE

Increasing Employee Well-Being and Productivity Through Decreasing Work Hours
Emily Bell
Writing 394 6366
9/28/2020
Date: March 29, 2020
To: Alice and John Seashore
Business Owners at Your Local Workout Place
At Potomac and Bethesda
From: Emily Bell, Director at My Local Workout Place, Largo
Subject: Increasing Employee Well-Being and Productivity by Shortening Work Hours
Enclosed is the report you requested based on my earlier memo concerning issues I have observed surrounding the detrimental effects of long work hours on our employees.
The report includes secondary research on the ways that working long hours can negatively impact employees physical health, mental well-being, and productivity. It will also include research showing the potential benefits of a six-hour workday and recommendations for implementing a new employee schedule that will include shorter workdays and include appropriate breaks for longer shifts.
I hope that by decreasing daily work hours we would be able to decrease the amount of sick days employees take and avoid employee burnout. I also believe that lower work hours will lead to increased employee job satisfaction and overall productivity.
Thank you for taking the time to consider my proposal and please let me know if I can clarify any information or answer any questions. I look forward to hearing your thoughts on my recommendations and hope to be able to implement the suggested schedule changes as soon as possible.
Executive Summary
Purpose and method of this report
As the director at two childrens fitness centers, I have observed over the past year that employees have been working long hours, typically over 8 hours a shift, which seems to be resulting in health issues for employees and a loss of productivity for the company. Employees are regularly given lists of daily and weekly tasks and have consistently been able to complete them efficiently and effectively The purposes of this report are to:
determine the negative impacts of working long hours
recommend ways to increase employee well-being and productivity by improving employee scheduling
Secondary research was used to study the negative impacts of long working hours. The ways that work hours can negatively affect employee physical and mental health were focused on. Research was also conducted on the potential benefits implementing a shorter, six-hour workday, can have on employees and overall productivity.
Findings and conclusions
The results of the research showed that working long hours can severely impact physical and mental health. Employees who work long hours were more likely to suffer from heat conditions and various mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Long work hours also led to higher levels of employee burnout which can lead to lower productivity and a higher likelihood of employees leaving the company.
The results show that a shorter workday can help employees physically, mentally and enable them to be more successful and productive.
Recommendations
Recommendations for improving employee health and productivity are:
Implementing new employee schedules that will consist of six-hour shifts
Ensuring that if an employee must work over six hours, their shift will not exceed eight hours, and they will take at least one 45-minute break during the shift
Planning follow up meeting for six months after new scheduling protocols are enacted to discuss results and whether employee health and productivity has improved.
Table of Contents
Introduction..5
Background..5
Purpose.5
Overview of methodology…5
Findings and Discussions.6
Impacts of long working hours on physical health..6
Impacts of long working hours on mental health.6
Benefits of a shorter workday..7
Conclusion…8
Recommendations8
References9
Introduction
Background
The eight-hour workday has long been thought of as the standard for a full-time employee in the workplace. However, over the years research has shown that typically employees work closer to nine hours a day on average, and some up to twelve (Ward, 2017). As the director at both of our business locations, I execute the weekly employee schedule and per your instructions, regularly schedule employees for over eight-hour shifts. Research has shown that these long work hours can negatively impact an employees physical health on many levels, can be detrimental to their mental health and well-being, and that a switch to a shorter workday can have many benefits for the employee and perhaps for the business. As a small business, we have a duty to ensure the well-being of our staff while maintaining a high level of productivity.
Purpose
The purpose of this research was to identify the negative impacts long work hours can have on employees and to determine if a shorter workday would correct these issues. The analysis of the research helped to determine recommendations that would help each employee and the business.
Overview of methodology
Unfortunately, due to the global pandemic, primary research was not conducted. Therefore, to establish the problems and form recommendations I did the following:
Conducted secondary research on the physical and mental health impacts of long work hours
Conducted secondary research on the benefits of a six-hour work day
Analyzed the research to create recommendations to benefit the employees and business
Findings and Discussions
Impacts of long work hours on physical health
There have been many studies done on the physical health risks associated with working long hours. There is proof that working too many hours can lead to various levels of heart disease. According to an article by Virtanen, et al, our systematic review concluded that long working hours is associated with depressive state, anxiety, sleep condition, and CHD [chronic heart disease] (Virtanen, et al., 2014). Another article added that extended work hours can cause stress and sleep deprivation which are additional causes of chronic heart disease (Nagai, Hoshide, & Kario, 2010). There has been some dissent concerning whether working directly contributes to the onset of heart issues, but these researchers have found proven links that connect the two and that while long work hours may not be the singular cause, they contribute to the larger problem.
Employees who work long hours can also experience other physical issues. In a study written up in The Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, results of the meta-analysis show a small but significant positive trend of increased health symptoms with increasing hours of work (Sparks, Cooper, Fried, & Shirom, 1997). These health symptoms include contracting more viruses throughout the year and experiencing more workplace injuries. Employees working longer hours are also more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and eliminating exercise (Wong, et al., 2019). These unhealthy habits can contribute to a multitude of additional health issues such as cancer and obesity. It is also possible that working long hours could be correlated with a higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus, but there is some conflicting data and research on this topic. Ultimately employees who work long hours are at a higher risk of having work-related health problems (Wong, et al., 2019).
The research concerning health issues related to long work hours concerns me because I have observed an increase in the number of sick days employees have been taking over the past year. In the past two months there have been three instances where I have had to come into work because more than one employee has been ill and unable to work. This is a serious issue because as a small business, we have a very limited number of employees and we need to ensure that they are healthy enough to work scheduled shifts.
Impacts of long work hours on mental health
Working long hours can also negatively affect an employees mental wellbeing. Working overtime can deprive workers of valued time with friends and family which directly impacts mental health (Sato, Kuroda, & Owan, 2020). Sato, Kuroda, & Owan found that workers who worked long hours were more likely to experience depressive disorders and those who were asked to work extra weekend hours were more likely to have mental health deterioration and higher stress levels (2020). In addition, these workers are much more likely to experience high levels of anxiety which can also affect sleep conditions and cognitive functioning (Tamakoshi, 2014). I have witnessed symptoms of stress and anxiety during extended work shifts and have had to personally send an employee home who was experiencing symptoms of a panic attack. It is my experience that if an employee is on a long shift, as they get tired, their stress levels increase because they are unable to think as clearly as they were at the start of the shift.
Extended hours can also lead to burnout in the workplace which can cause lower productivity and unhappiness. The World Health Organization characterizes workplace burnout as feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from ones job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to ones job; reduced professional efficacy (WHO Classifies Workplace Burnout, 2019). In a study on burnout in neurosurgery residents, results showed that total work hours and on-call frequency in the hospital are significant drivers for resident burnout throughout the world (Jean, Ironside, Felbaum, & Syed, 2020). Employee burnout can then cause additional feelings of depression and anxiety. Additionally, employee burnout can cause employees to become dissatisfied at their job and lead to higher turnover rates. We have had employees leave the company because they can no longer handle the perceived work stress or because they no longer think that the job is fun. Higher employee turnover exacerbates the issues because other employees must then work additional hours to cover extra shifts.
Benefits of a shorter workday
While there is not a universal consensus on the perfect number of work hours per day, research has shown that long work hours are detrimental to employees and that a shorter workday can be beneficial for productivity and employee well-being. An article in Forbes Magazine explained that long workdays, and even eight-hour workdays, are ineffective because human brains want to work in shorter increments and require quick rests to recharge (Bradberry, 2016). The article goes on to explain that longer working hours do not show increased productivity because employees are more likely to get distracted and off task when forced to work for such long periods of time (Bradberry, 2016). Shorter workdays with more frequent breaks could keep employees on task and ultimately yield higher productivity.
Some researchers have argued that shorter six-hour workdays are optimal for productivity and employee health. Steve Glaveski wrote in the Harvard Business Review about his experience using a six-hour day for his employees:
I conducted a two-week, six-hour workday experiment with my team at Collective Campus, an innovation accelerator based in Melbourne, Australia. The shorter workday forced the team to prioritize effectively, limit interruptions, and operate at a much more deliberate level for the first few hours of the day. The team maintained, and in some cases increased, its quantity and quality of work, with people reporting an improved mental state, and that they had more time for rest, family, friends, and other endeavors (2018).
Similar experiments were done with six-hour workdays in an elder care facility in Sweden and results showed that the nurses were happier, more energetic, healthier, and more productive when working the shorter hours (Heath, 2017). Ultimately, there is opportunity for more studies on what the perfect number of hours per work day would be, but existing research has shown that eight hours and above can be detrimental to employees, and that six hour work days can lead to increased productivity and employee wellbeing.
Conclusion
The literature reviewed on work hours shows that number of hours worked per day can have many impacts on employees. Long work hours can cause health issues including heart disease, can lead to mental health issues including depressive and anxiety disorders, and can cause employee burnout which can further affect mental health and employee productivity. More recent research has shown that a shift to a shorter workday can help alleviate these issues. Shorter, six-hour workdays can lead to increased employee happiness, overall well-being, and productivity.
This research and my observations over the past year show that employees are suffering due to long work hours. The amount of employee sickness, stress levels and turnover could decrease if a new schedule is implemented that includes shorter work hours.
Recommendations
It is my recommendation that once the business is running normally again, we decrease the number of hours employees work per day to six hours whenever possible. Employees typically work six days per week so if they regularly work six hours each shift, they will maintain full time status and qualify for applicable benefits. For this to be possible we will need to hire at least two additional employees to ensure that all shifts are covered. Additionally, if an employee must work a shift over six hours, it should not exceed eight hours and I would like to implement a policy that they are required to be given a break of no less than forty-five minutes mid shift.
To track the usefulness of shorter work hours for our business, I recommend that we plan a review in six months. During this review we will compare the amount of sick days employees have taken with the previous six months and will hold one on one interviews with all current employees. During these interviews we will inquire about their overall job satisfaction and review their job performance to determine if individual productivity and success has improved.
These recommendations are based on research and general observations and may need to be modified based on employee reaction and impact of the new scheduling system on the business.
References
Bradberry, T. (2016). Why the 8-hour workday doesnt work. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/travisbradberry/2016/06/07/why-the-8-hour-workday-doesnt-work/#7faf774436cc
Glaveski, S. (2018). The Case for the 6-Hour Workday. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/12/the-case-for-the-6-hour-workday
Heath, T. (2017). A six-hour workday could make you happier, healthier, and more productive. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/will-a-six-hour-workday-help-you-live-longer/2017/04/21/5569f0dc-237b-11e7-b503-9d616bd5a305_story.html
Jean, W., Ironside, N., Felbaum, D., Syed, H. (2020). The Impact of Work-Related Factors on Risk of Resident Burnout: A Global Neurosurgery Pilot Study. World Neurosurgery, 138, 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.115
Nagai, M., Hoshide, S., & Kario, K. (2010). Sleep duration as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease- a review of the recent literature. Current cardiology reviews, 6(1), 5461. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340310790231635
WHO Classifies Workplace Burnout as Occupational Phenomenon. (2019). Professional Safety. WHO Classifies Workplace Burnout as Occupational Phenomenon, 64 (9), 16.
Sato, K., Kuroda, S., & Owan, H. (2020). Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Social Science & Medicine, 246 (112774), 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112774
Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y., Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00656.x
Tamakoshi, A., Bannai, A. (2014). The association between long working hours and health: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, 40 (1), 5-18. https://doi:10.5271/sjweh.3388
Virtanen, M., Heikkila, K., Jokela, M., Ferrie, J., Batty, D, Vahtera, J., & Kivimaki, M. (2012). Long working hours and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 176 (7), 586596. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws139
Ward, M. (2017). A brief history of the 8-hour workday, which changed how Americans work. CNCB. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/03/how-the-8-hour-workday-changed-how-americans-work.html
Wong, K., Chan, A., & Ngan, S.C. (2019). The effect of long working hours and overtime on occupational health: a meta-analysis of evidence from 1998 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (12), 2102. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph16122102

Complete the activity at the end of Chapter 4 Television Messages About Gender Roles.
In a one-two page paper, list the shows you watched. Then share your findings. Answer the question, do you agree with the author that television impacts everyones attitude and outlook on life?

Complete the activity at the end of Chapter 4 Television Messages About Gender Roles.
In a one-two page paper, list the shows you watched. Then share your findings. Answer the question, do you agree with the author that television impacts everyones attitude and outlook on life?
http://freesociologybooks.com/Sociology_Of_The_Family/04_Gender_and_Socialization.php
due this thursday.

6/14 please send me a thesis statement will also put a sample for it.

6/18 I will need you to read poetry for Edgar Allen that also will be attached, After reading Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Raven” and Jorie Graham’s “Edgar Allen Poe’s ‘The Raven,'” please answer one of the following questions in 4-6 sentences using examples (properly cited quotations or paraphrases) from both the primary source and secondary source.
Questions:
1. Graham indicates that “The Raven” asks the reader to “move from a more strictly mental activity, to a reaction had primarily in the body, by the senses” (par. 5). What does this mean? How can this concept be implemented when reading “The Raven”? Please find other examples from the poem that are different from the ones discussed by Graham.

2. How is the melancholy tone of the poem shown through word choice and syntax? Provide at least two examples from the poem and information from Graham’s article to back up your ideas.

3. What does the refrain of “nevermore” contribute to the poem? Why? How does your opinion interact with Graham’s analysis of the word’s use in the poem?

6/25 will need to read Anis Mojgani’s “Shake the Dust,” will add the file, After reading Anis Mojgani’s “Shake the Dust,” please answer one of the following questions in 4-6 sentences using examples (properly cited quotations or paraphrases) from the primary source.

1. What is the purpose of Mojgani’s poem? How does that purpose relate to the title and often-used line, “Shake the Dust”? Please clearly identify and support your position.

2. Why does Mojgani choose the types of people that he does for his poem (ex. “fat girls,” “little brothers,” “nighttime schoolers,” etc.)? How do these groups of people help Mojgani make his point? Would the poem be the same if he chose other corresponding, yet opposite, groups (ex. “skinny girls,” “big brothers,” “full-time schoolers,” etc.?

6/21 Will need an essay Draft. I will attach a sample as well.

6/26 Final Draft.

For this discussion I want you to spend time observing animal behavior and recording your observations. Spend at least 20 mins. observing an animal of your choosing (no household/domesticated animals. Try to determine what the animal is doing.
Come up with a hypothesis for why they might be engaging in this behavior (avoid anthropomorphizing the behavior).
After you have made your observations, do some research to find out more about the organism you observed.
In your discussion, tell us what animal you observed, and where and how you made your observations.
Share your observations and your hypotheses for the proposed explanation for the the behavior you observed.
Also, include at least one new thing that you learned about the animal you observed from your research.

This is an IMR paper the first part of a synthesis final paper. Review
the Assignment Guidelines and the Evaluation Criteria (Rubric) carefully
before beginning assignment. File attached.

The
introduction is very important. Please use the article Caranza et al. from
the Week 2 assignment as an example of how to write an introduction.
(Article attached)
Use
your text, APA manual, and the scholarly articles you
reviewed for ideas and examples of what to include in various
sections of the paper and how to write/present a clear &
concise scholarly discussion of significance.
Include
the following headings/sub-headings to organize the
paper: (see evaluation rubric for more details); A Title Page
must be included correctly formatted in APA 7th ed.
guidelines; with a running head (professional paper) or no running head
(student paper).
Please use
for first page of content of your paper the Title (same as on the Title
Page)
Abstract
needed;
The
Introduction section contains and must include the following per rubric
guidelines:
clearly
state the clinical problem/issue to be addressed;
define
and establish the importance/significance of the problem (support with
citations from the general literature); not the
articles/studies you have attained in your search methods
clearly
state the of intent or purpose of the EBP review and what you
intend to do within the paper
Methods: (review
Search Methods tables for information to include here)
clear
statement of clinical question (PICOT format) used to guide the EBP
review
PICO:
Does the method of breastfeeding (I) or bottle feeding(C) among infants
(P) influence the incidence of ear infections (O) during the first year
of life (T)?
Search
Strategies:
describe
when and how the search was conducted;
any
guidelines used for conducting the review;
identify
keywords used & databases searched;
clearly
state inclusion & exclusion criteria.
Search
Results:
describe
the quantity and quality of evidence that was found;
explain
how the found evidence was reviewed and analyzed to select best
relevant evidence for analysis/critical appraisal;
identify
study quality indicators used to determine best evidence;
include a figure to
illustrate evidence selection process; The SR Gatewood and DeGagne
article (posted below) 2 figure on p. 3 of the study to follow as an
example for assignment.
Review
of Evidence (ROE): use the Evidence Matrix part I to write an
integrated review of the selected evidence; organize the review around
the descriptive characteristics of the studies;
critiquing the evidence from the matrix table you have populated there to
include here in the Review of Evidence, this is not part of the Intro
sections. Use the following sub-headings to organize your review. Discuss
similarities and differences across all the selected studies.
number
& types of studies selected, purpose, design, level of evidence
(P)
population, sample size, groups, number of trials
(I)
intervention/independent variable examined
(C)
comparison/control used
(O)
outcome(s) measured/dependent variable(s); results/findings

References/Citation
of Sources: include complete citation of all sources used, cited
in-text, and the evidence selected for critical appraisal using
APA format; References goes at the end of the written content of the
paper.
Appendices:
(A) Search Methods Table; (B) Evidence Matrix (part I) -These both must
be referred to in the paper in specific sections as stipulated; and
included after the References page.

Attached
are my 5 articles, Search Methods Table (completed), and Evidence Matrix
Part I

You already completed my outline almsot 2 weeks ago, so know the final outline has to be completed. I will resend my outline you completed to help you. Only complete the JENNIFER HILL et al., v. National Collegiate Athletic Association case. Thank you

After watching the videos, 10 Differences Between Leaders and Managers and Leadership Versus Management, consider what you learned in your assigned readings this week. Now, respond to the following:
Describe the differences between Leadership and Management.
Compare the information outlined in the videos to Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership. Based on those comparisons (leadership traits and styles), answer the question, Are you a leader or a manager? Why?

Choose one of the three and write 5 paragraphs 1) The Human Resources management process. 2) The legal HR environment. 3) How HR fits into the overall business level strategy of the organization. I would like for you to do number (3)

SCENARIO:
Knowing that mergers may require a dramatic change in company culture, you realize that you need to meet with the human resources (HR) and leadership teams because they will play important roles in the merger. The leadership team will drive the change, and the HR team will be charged with managing the change. You have scheduled a meeting with Steve Maine, your vice president at ALTAP consulting, to consult with him on this project.
Thanks for meeting me today, Steve, you begin. I need to talk through some of the issues before meeting with the HR and leadership teams at UWEAR and PALEDENIM. The merger is going well, but it is becoming apparent that there are some significant change issues that need to be addressed.
Ive heard good things about your work on this project, Steve answers. Im sure you have it under control, but Ill be happy to help where I can.
We are dealing with the issues of joining together two very disparate companies, you explain. On the one hand, UWEAR is public and has 100 employees; on the other hand, PALEDENIM is private with only 15 employees. They basically provide the same type of service, but they are completely different businesses in how they operate inside and outside of the company.
You continue, Yes, and both the employees and managers of each company have different philosophies and expectations. PALEDENIM employees and managers have a kind of one-for-all and all-for-one attitude. They all chip in to get the job done. The UWEAR employees and managers look at things differently. Theyre more apt to do their jobs, get them done, and go home without consideration for what else the rest of the team needs to complete.
That is definitely a culture issue, Steve agrees. In fact, that is the classic definition of a culture issue. Im sure theyre also dealing with the typical power struggles. I bet everyone is worried about whether their department will be headed by a UWEAR manager or a PALEDENIM manager.
1
Problem B: Regulatory Compliance
Exactly, you say. I know the intention of the merger is to benefit both companies, but there are unintended consequences as well. We need to do whatever we can to help the employees of both companies get through this with the fewest glitches possible.
Review the scenario for this course:200500 words to the executive report that addresses the following:
What change management model (such as Lewins, Kotters, or ADKAR) should be used, and why?
What are the set of steps used in the model you chose?
What can the CEO do to address resistance to change during the merger