copd

The COPD-X defines COPD as a preventable and treatable disease with characterised by airflow obstruction that can cause to slowly progressive symptoms of persistent cough, wheezing and exertional dyspnoea (COPD-X, 2021). COPD is a progressive disease that may aggravate over time (Lung Foundation Australia, 2022). Globally, COPD is the third leading cause of death (American lung Association, 2022). According to the World health organisation, COPD affected more than 200 million people worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths (Collaborators, 2017; WHO, 2021). The prevalence of COPD in Australia is approximately 0.6 million, and in the United States, it is approximately 16 million (National Heart, 2021; statics, 2018). The treatment of COPD affects significantly economic burden on countries. For example; treating COPD costs the United States approximately $50 billion annually (Iheanacho et al., 2020). In 2015, COPD cost the Australian healthcare system $977 million (Lung Foundation Australia, 2022). According to ESR, COPD costs the European Union 38.6 billion euros annually (ESR, 2021). The burden of COPD is expected to rise globally in the next decade due to continued exposure to COPD risk factors and population aging (GOLD, 2022).

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