What are the four stages of the federal budget process and what happens during each stage?

One of the most fundamental actions taken by our elected officials each year is to enact a budget for
the United States that outlines policy priorities and details the fiscal condition of the nation. This ecase provides an introduction to the U.S. federal budget process. It reviews the four stages of the
budget process, details the roles of the Office of Management and Budget, the Congressional
Budget Office, and the Government Accountability Office, and outlines relevant key concepts.

View the Hubert Project eCase U.S. Federal Budget Process at

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and answer the following questions.
Use
complete and thoughtful sentences to answer the questions.
Use specific examples from the eCase
to support your answers.

Each answer should be 1 to 3 paragraphs.
1. What are the four stages of the federal budget process and what happens during each stage?
2. Who are the major actors responsible for crafting the federal budget and what parts to they
play?
3. What is the difference between mandatory and discretionary spending? What are the
implications of both for the budget process?
4. What is the role of the GAO?

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