Best Writer

Write a paper on what are the difference of Crime and Victimization

Build a logistics planning tool that captures key planning considerations relevant to one of the four stages of the mission life cycle: the pre-planning phase, mission start-up, mandate implementation phase, or transition.

This assignment helps you achieve our first course objective (CO-1): Prepare a logistics planning tool that captures key planning considerations for the four stages of the mission life cycle, to include: the pre-planning phase, mission start-up, mandate implementation phase, and transition.

Formatting Requirements: 1-2 page graph, checklist, Excel spreadsheet, or a worksheet with 1-2 pages of detailed instructions on how to use the tool. Please use Arial or Times New Roman font, with sentencing double-spaced, for your instructions.

Research Requirements: There are no research requirements for this assignment because you are developing a practical tool that can be used in the logistics field. However, I would encourage you to conduct some research to identify comparable planning tools/checklists to use as a model or to generate ideas for your own planning tool. The POTI text will also offer you insight on the types of information that need to be gathered for each stage in the mission life cycle. Here are a couple of sample logistics planning tools to get you started:

LOGSPOT Samples

Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Publication 4-08

Please note: You are not required to develop a tool as complex as what is contained in these samples! Your tool will only pertain to one phase of the mission life cycle. Carve out a specific area that requires data collection, equipment monitoring, or a checklist for logistics planning purposes. The point of this exercise is to get you thinking about the type of data/ information that is needed for logistics planning in peace operations.

Citation Requirements: If you do incorporate sources in your work, please credit all sources in text with parenthetical citations. Include full citations to all sources quoted or summarized in the paper, following Turabian’s parenthetical citation/reference list style of citation, in a Reference List at the end of your paper.

Discuss the impact made on music by adding visual effects like acting, dancing, and narrative to the performance.
Pick your favorite music video from this week’s playlist, or another video from the same time period, and make a video post about how the addition of dance, acting, costumes, makeup, a story line etc. change the impact of the musical performance. Does it enhance? Does it distract?
You can either submit the video or a link to the video. Once your work is posted, comment on at least two other discussion posts regarding their use of gained content knowledge and their musical selections. Remember, this assignment is in video format either directly recorded into Canvas or made with another platform and shared with a link.
Grading of Discussion
This discussion is worth 20 points total (10 points for the initial post and 10 points for the response posts). Grading will be determined by the attached rubric.
The following link is a guide on how to view the rubric:
https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-10577-4212540120

Comments 2 peers about their discussion post using 2 references (each peer 200 words)

(1) PIER 1 Discussion Post: Critique of theory self efficacy
by Mayra Arriaza De Espinosa – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 10:26 PM

Introduction
Self-efficacy theory is a structured framework for evidence-based evaluation criteria. It involves a rigorous assessment of evidence from clinicians’ proficiency, quality studies, and patients’ preferences to resolve clinical problems. The theory of self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability concerning particular situations in life. The psychologist, Albert Bandura, posited that a person’s belief determines their capability to exercise control over their functioning and events that affect their lives (Bandura, 1986). This belief in exerting authority over their life situations is influenced by social persuasion, emotional state, mastery experience, and vicarious experience. High self-efficacy is linked to several positive benefits, such as healthy lifestyle habits, resilience to adversity and stress, and improved academic and work-related performance. Self-efficacy theory is applicable in nursing practice in self-care, self-regulation, self-management, and self-monitoring.
Mastery experiences, an important component of the self-efficacy theory, relate to the outcomes of past performances. It occurs when individuals gather more confidence by conquering new life challenges. Chen (2020) asserted that mastery experiences are the most influential source of efficacy information. They provide first-hand, internal, and authentic data about whether a person can muster what it takes to succeed. Practical success over situations in life builds a strong belief in an individual’s efficacy. Subsequent failures undermine the affirmation of robust efficacy, especially when a failure occurs before a determination of efficacy is firmly established. Mastery of experience contributes immensely to evidence-based practice in the nursing profession. For example, when a nurse intends to know the side effects of medical drugs on a particular patient, they seek historical information from the patient and apply it in adjusting their treatment recommendations.
The second builder of self-efficacy is social role models or vicarious experiences. The vicarious experiences describe the self-efficacy stimulants presented by a person’s social environment. Concisely, seeing other people whose situations are similar succeeding through sustained and persistent efforts raises the observer’s determination. The observers reassure themselves about the capabilities using comparable situations of others. The effect of vicarious experience increases with the level of internal motivation of an individual and the mindset they use to approach life. Positive mindsets would benefit more from social role models as they are already tuned to the mood of achieving. It is important to improve health safety through the influence of a social role model. For instance, diet control is where a person lives like someone who believes in their experience and knowledge regarding healthy life behaviors.
Social persuasion increases self-efficacy by consolidating positive verbal feedback and encouragement while undertaking challenging tasks. Shiau et al. (2020) concluded that self-efficacy is a product of encouragements and discouragements. For example, telling an elementary school child that they can achieve any level of greatness they desire would be verbal persuasion intended to trigger an action. The same applies when administering self-care among patients when nurses need to reassure the patients of their ability to sustain their condition by observing behavioral health practices. A good example applies in counseling. For instance, a reasonable level of persuasion is important when a nurse advises a patient to control his smoking habits to escape the harmful side effects.
More so, visualization or imaginary experiences also have a stake in building self-efficacy. Lippke (2020) suggested this route to self-efficacy, where people visualize themselvesbehaving effectively or being successful in a particular situation. Imaginary experiences are significant in nursing practice to both patients and nurses. For instance, the nursing training process is rigorous and involving. Therefore, learners need to visualize success to remain committed to the call.
In summary, self-efficacy theory measures the probability of success as most likely through the interplay of visualization of success, social persuasion, vicarious experience, and mastery experiences. This theory is key to the nursing profession in their training and practice.
References
Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 4(3), 359-373.
Chen, Y. (2020). Correlation between self-efficacy and English performance. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(8), 223-234.
Lippke, S. (2020). Self-efficacy theory. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 4722-4727.
Shiau, W. L., Yuan, Y., Pu, X., Ray, S., & Chen, C. C. (2020). Understanding fintech continuance: perspectives from self-efficacy and ECT-IS theories. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
by Marice Arcia Del Rey – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 6:46 PM
Number of replies: 0
Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
The theory of Self-Efficacy by Albert Bandura is a middle-range theory that focuses on the relationship between behavior and personality. It is widely used in the nursing discipline to explain the behaviors of patients who have chronic illnesses (Shefaly, 2021). This theory was developed by considering different factors, including the environment, thoughts, emotions, and physiological changes. The concept focuses on people’s abilities to control their lives by affecting intra-personal mechanisms (subconscious), such as realizing goals using self-reinforcement techniques and positive or negative feedback (Shefaly, 2021). Intra-personal mechanisms may not be sufficient if social forces beyond one’s control considerably impact their behavior. This essay critiques the theory using the internal and external criticism evaluation process.
Internal Criticism
In internal criticism evaluation, the theory is critically evaluated based on its consistency in fulfilling the objectives of the nursing discipline. In this case, Bandura developed his Self-Efficacy Theory to explain how individual behavior is determined by their self-beliefs, which are formed by past experiences and perceptions. He suggested that people develop beliefs about their own capabilities from their past experiences and perceptions; hence, these beliefs determine their behavior or performance in later situations.Explain why some individuals perform well while others do not when faced with certain tasks or challenges (Bandura). For example, people who believe they can perform well at something will try harder than those who believe they cannot perform well at it. The self-efficacy theory has been well researched among different cultures, age groups, and genders. Bandura’s study proved that children exposed to violence tend to believe that they cannot control their environment and thus reduce their sense of self-efficacy. This led him to conclude that people are motivated when they feel confident enough about their abilities or skills to achieve success in what they do.
Bandura’s theory is one of the most supported theories in psychology due to its convincing findings and consistency over time. This theory also appreciates and bases on previous research. The theory of self-efficacy is based on Bandura’s previous research. Bandura’s previous research includes his social learning theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021). The concept of reciprocal determinism states that behavior, personality, and setting are interrelated and impact each other. The theory of self-efficacy was developed from this concept. Social learning theory focuses on how people learn from their environment through observation, imitation, and rewards or punishment for their behavior. This theory was built upon Bandura’s belief that humans can learn from their environment using observational learning, operant conditioning, and social-cognitive processes such as modeling and vicarious learning (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021).
External Criticism
Self-efficacy theory explains how human potential is influenced by the environment and one’s perception of it. Bandura’s work in this area has been beneficial to nursing by providing students with insight into the factors (exposure to role models or others, encouragement, rewards, and punishment) that can influence someone’s motivation (Shefaly, 2021). His work also demonstrated how cultural values and social learning theories impact individuals through the process of reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease behavior change. However, Bandura does not discuss the impact that other factors such as knowledge, skills, locus of control, and genetics may have on self-efficacy. The self-efficacy theory by Albert Bandura is useful in a nursing context because it offers the nurse an effective way of dealing with patient responsibility. Self-efficacy refers to feelings of certainty about one’s abilities to act effectively in a given situation. Patients who feel empowered to make informed decisions about their health care perceive themselves as more capable, who believe they can control their illness and its treatment outcomes will be more responsive and cooperative with the treatment plan implemented by the nurse (Shefaly, 2021)
References
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and human motivation. In Advances in Motivation Science (Vol. 8, pp. 153-179). Elsevier.
Shefaly Shorey. (2021). Self-Efficacy in a Nursing Context In book: Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research (pp.145-158). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350003033_Self-Efficacy_in_a_Nursing_Context

(2) PIER 2 Discussion Post: Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
by Marice Arcia Del Rey – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 6:46 PM

Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
The theory of Self-Efficacy by Albert Bandura is a middle-range theory that focuses on the relationship between behavior and personality. It is widely used in the nursing discipline to explain the behaviors of patients who have chronic illnesses (Shefaly, 2021). This theory was developed by considering different factors, including the environment, thoughts, emotions, and physiological changes. The concept focuses on people’s abilities to control their lives by affecting intra-personal mechanisms (subconscious), such as realizing goals using self-reinforcement techniques and positive or negative feedback (Shefaly, 2021). Intra-personal mechanisms may not be sufficient if social forces beyond one’s control considerably impact their behavior. This essay critiques the theory using the internal and external criticism evaluation process.
Internal Criticism
In internal criticism evaluation, the theory is critically evaluated based on its consistency in fulfilling the objectives of the nursing discipline. In this case, Bandura developed his Self-Efficacy Theory to explain how individual behavior is determined by their self-beliefs, which are formed by past experiences and perceptions. He suggested that people develop beliefs about their own capabilities from their past experiences and perceptions; hence, these beliefs determine their behavior or performance in later situations. The Self-Efficacy Theory attempts to explain why some individuals perform well while others do not when faced with certain tasks or challenges (Bandura). For example, people who believe they can perform well at something will try harder than those who believe they cannot perform well at it. The self-efficacy theory has been well researched among different cultures, age groups, and genders. Bandura’s study proved that children exposed to violence tend to believe that they cannot control their environment and thus reduce their sense of self-efficacy. This led him to conclude that people are motivated when they feel confident enough about their abilities or skills to achieve success in what they do.
Bandura’s theory is one of the most supported theories in psychology due to its convincing findings and consistency over time. This theory also appreciates and bases on previous research. The theory of self-efficacy is based on Bandura’s previous research. Bandura’s previous research includes his social learning theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021). The concept of reciprocal determinism states that behavior, personality, and setting are interrelated and impact each other. The theory of self-efficacy was developed from this concept. Social learning theory focuses on how people learn from their environment through observation, imitation, and rewards or punishment for their behavior. This theory was built upon Bandura’s belief that humans can learn from their environment using observational learning, operant conditioning, and social-cognitive processes such as modeling and vicarious learning (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021).
External Criticism
Self-efficacy theory explains how human potential is influenced by the environment and one’s perception of it. Bandura’s work in this area has been beneficial to nursing by providing students with insight into the factors (exposure to role models or others, encouragement, rewards, and punishment) that can influence someone’s motivation (Shefaly, 2021). His work also demonstrated how cultural values and social learning theories impact individuals through the process of reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease behavior change. However, Bandura does not discuss the impact that other factors such as knowledge, skills, locus of control, and genetics may have on self-efficacy. The self-efficacy theory by Albert Bandura is useful in a nursing context because it offers the nurse an effective way of dealing with patient responsibility. Self-efficacy refers to feelings of certainty about one’s abilities to act effectively in a given situation. Patients who feel empowered to make informed decisions about their health care perceive themselves as more capable, who believe they can control their illness and its treatment outcomes will be more responsive and cooperative with the treatment plan implemented by the nurse (Shefaly, 2021)
References
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and human motivation. In Advances in Motivation Science (Vol. 8, pp. 153-179). Elsevier.
Shefaly Shorey. (2021). Self-Efficacy in a Nursing Context In book: Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research (pp.145-158). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350003033_Self-Efficacy_in_a_Nursing_Context

Discuss about Lebron James on being one of the best basketball players of all time.

Examine rhetorically/critically the handling of an artifact on race or race relations in the American media
1.) Understanding the goal of the paper – To examine rhetorically/critically the handling of an artifact on race or race relations in the American media. There are three basic areas of analysis:
-Understanding the history of race and how race was contextualized in the racial and cultural media of early American media (Example: “Dances with Wolves” as a film that challenges the stereotypes of Native Americans as stoic and monolithic) History
-Understanding the interconnections between social justice, race and the media (Example: “Black Lives Matter Movement” as a movement of social justice) Social Justice
-Understanding the potential of the media to engage in revisionist history, especially through the medium of the documentary and public media such as PBS and NPR, (Example – “Latino Americans”) Racial Reconciliation
After, completing the review of the 3 example references, select your topic for your paper. Here is the criteria:

A.) A speech, film, song, poem, concert, protest moment such as when Colin Kaepernick knelt in protest of the treatment of African Americans and marginalized people – an artifact that has had mass impact on American culture and was covered significantly in the media
B.) Application of the Narrative methodology that asks three questions about the artifact:
a.) What caused the artifact to take place?
b.) How does the artifact confront oppression?
c.) How does the artifact celebrate the host culture?
C.) The paper should be 5 pages in length including with a thesis and introduction page, 2 pages of analysis, summary and bibliography.

Trauma-Informed Care is foundational to psychiatric mental
health practice.
Please review these links and answer the questions below in
a (3-5) three to five-page paper (excluding APA title page and
reference pages) You should refer to your required resources and utilize
scholarly references.
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences (ACES)Links to an external
site.. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/index.html
Trauma-Informed
Care Implementation Resource Center. (2021). What is trauma-informed care?Links to an external
site. Center for Healthcare Strategies.

What is Trauma-Informed Care?

Questions
What
are ACEs and how can these impact children as they grow into adulthood?
What
are Trauma-Informed Care and the core principles, provide examples of how
the core principles can be applied in your work?
How
can you incorporate the knowledge of ACEs and Trauma-Informed Care into
your future practice?

Please read comment on the following two discussion post and find common ground within their area of Psychology research and my are of psychology which is Developmental Psychology within the post. One way to approach this is by adding on valuable information to what they have already stated in their post. Each post should be minimum 250 words.

Discussion Reply #1 Kelsey
During his presentation to students at Biola University, on the topic of forgiveness, Dr. Worthington demonstrates a Levels of Explanation approach to the reconciliation of Christianity and psychology (Worthington, 2014). His viewpoint is most clearly evidenced by his assertion that, although scripture presents a clear mandate to forgive, it offers little to no instruction on how to do so in actuality. Dr. Worthington’s postulation that empirical research is necessary to address (or fill in the gaps) of biblical insufficiency as it relates to the concept of forgiveness, is congruent with a Levels of Explanation approach, which promotes the idea of separate, but often complementary disciplines (Johnson, 2010), in this case psychology and theology. Creating an operational definition to examine the virtue of forgiveness, he posits, has allowed for scientific support of the biblical idea of forgiveness. In line with a Levels of Explanation viewpoint, the implication is that the absence of scientific support could have, perhaps, resulted in his revaluation of this biblical command. For Dr. Worthington, and others who adhere to the Levels of Explanation viewpoint, it seems that Christianity, scripture, and theology serve, in some manner, as a glossary of terms—a launch pad from which one can garner ideas about human nature and utilize other methods (e.g., psychology) to explore those ideas more thoroughly.
In contrast, during his presentation to students at Westmont College, on positive psychology and the church, Dr. McMinn demonstrates an Integration approach to the reconciliation of Christianity and psychology (McMinn, 2019). His viewpoint is most clearly evidenced by his assertion that faith and science are not mutually exclusive. He advocates for increased dialogue, collaboration, and open-mindedness, between people of faith and those who practice psychology, challenging individuals to reject the false dichotomy that suggests theology and psychology are antithetical to one another. Like Dr. Worthington, he champions the use of rigorous science and concedes that scripture does not specifically address every aspect of human nature. In accordance with other integrationists, however, he sees Christianity as a necessary balancing force to counteract the self-promoting inclinations of psychology and essential to any meaningful interpretation of scientific data. While he promotes the idea that integration will likely change one’s view of both Christianity and psychology, Dr. McMinn’s primary allegiance is to scripture and this is how he approaches his work as both a researcher and a clinician.
I found both presentations to be informative, challenging, and affirming, delivered by two individuals who have worked tirelessly and passionately to answer the question, “How should Christians engage with psychology?” Their integrity and perseverance, especially during a chapter of history that was particularly unfavorable to any degree of integration, is admirable and undeniably advantageous to those of us following in their footsteps as researchers and practitioners. For that, I am grateful. In terms of gaining a better understanding of the different approaches, two primary distinctions stand out between Levels of Explanation and Integration: 1) the credibility and authority assigned to science and 2) the role of Christianity in psychology. Dr. Worthington seemingly assigned a great deal of weight to empiricism (Worthington, 2014), whereas Dr. McMinn approached psychological science somewhat warily (McMinn, 2019). The former could conceivably bend his theology to the will of good science, while the latter assumes, from the onset, psychology’s need for the redirection, restraint, and regulation of faith. Finally, those who adhere to a Levels of Explanation approach seem to view Christianity and psychology as happily co-existing entities, that could potentially engage in a mutually beneficial partnership—a take-it-or-leave-it business arrangement, of sorts. In contrast, the Integrationist rejects this dualistic view, proposing that all science is viewed through the lens of belief and that, for the Christian, that belief should be anchored in biblical truth.
References
Johnson, E.L. (2010). Psychology and Christianity (2nd Edition). InterVarsity Press.
McMinn, M. (2019). The Science of Virtue: Why Positive Psychology Matters to the Church .
Westmont College: https://youtu.be/I3gFPgcVAEw
Worthington, E.J. (2014). Why You Should Forgive and How to do It . Biola University Center for
Christian Thought: https://youtu.be/5Or9OuxuYKw

Discussion Reply #2 Shaqueena

The levels of explanation view heavily focuses on perception. Perception, as many know, if based on many different things, with one being belief systems. However, one must truly understand the way a person’s belief system is formed. Beliefs are a product of a person’s upbringing, religious beliefs, life experiences, and their attitudes. So, in Johnson’s text, when Myers write that “belief guides perception” this is what he is referring to (2010). Myers discusses how a person’s belief system heavily influences their understanding of science, psychology and Christianity. Dr. Worthington’s discussion of forgiveness demonstrates LOE perfectly. He discussed how individuals can have different opinions on the definition of forgiveness as well as what should exist to forgive and to forgive others. Dr. Worthington points out that a person’s perception of situations, specifically have a spirit of gratefulness, can change things for a person tremendously. Choosing to have a spirit of gratefulness is a perception or a belief system.
Dr. McMinn in his discussion on virtues seemed to described the fruits of the spirit and its rewards as it relates to the psychological effect on people. The integration approach tasks individuals to embrace secular psychology but do it in a way to glorify God. Integrationists believe that due to the fact that God is the creator of all things and has sovereignty, there should not be tension or a debate because God see and knows all. God would not allow things to happen because he has dominion over all. So, with this being said, he discussed different ways to approach different life events with this belief system. The way he proposes is positive psychology. Dr. McMinn discussed that positive psychology was originally birthed by first studying religion, then there was a shift to where religion was removed and then psychology was studied resulting in science, but now positive psychology introduces the perspective of integrating religion into psychology. He supports this assertion by stating that positive psychology focuses on humility, gratefulness, and religion.
Johnson, E. (2010). Psychology and Christianity: Five Views (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity
Press. ISBN: 9780830828487.
Liberty University (2022). The Science of Virtue: Why Positive Psychology Matters to the Church.
Retrieved from: https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/268516/pages/watch-the-science-of-virtue-why-positive-psychology-matters-to-the-church?module_item_id=29352122
Liberty University (2022). Why You Should Forgive and How To Do It. Retrieved from:
https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/268516/pages/watch-why-you-should-forgive-and-how-to-do-it?module_item_id=29352116

Please reference the following videos to respond to the discussion post.

WATCH: Why You should Forgive and How To Do it

Watch: The Science of Virtue: Why Positive Psychology Matters to the Church
https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/index.php/extwidget/preview/partner_id/2167581/uiconf_id/39959791/entry_id/1_04wl9z5t/embed/dynamic
READ Chapters 2-3: Johnson, E. (2010). Psychology and Christianity: Five Views (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. ISBN: 9780830828487

Comments 2 peers about their discussion post using 2 references (each peer 200 words)

(1) PIER 1 Discussion Post: Critique of theory self efficacy
by Mayra Arriaza De Espinosa – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 10:26 PM

Introduction
Self-efficacy theory is a structured framework for evidence-based evaluation criteria. It involves a rigorous assessment of evidence from clinicians’ proficiency, quality studies, and patients’ preferences to resolve clinical problems. The theory of self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability concerning particular situations in life. The psychologist, Albert Bandura, posited that a person’s belief determines their capability to exercise control over their functioning and events that affect their lives (Bandura, 1986). This belief in exerting authority over their life situations is influenced by social persuasion, emotional state, mastery experience, and vicarious experience. High self-efficacy is linked to several positive benefits, such as healthy lifestyle habits, resilience to adversity and stress, and improved academic and work-related performance. Self-efficacy theory is applicable in nursing practice in self-care, self-regulation, self-management, and self-monitoring.
Mastery experiences, an important component of the self-efficacy theory, relate to the outcomes of past performances. It occurs when individuals gather more confidence by conquering new life challenges. Chen (2020) asserted that mastery experiences are the most influential source of efficacy information. They provide first-hand, internal, and authentic data about whether a person can muster what it takes to succeed. Practical success over situations in life builds a strong belief in an individual’s efficacy. Subsequent failures undermine the affirmation of robust efficacy, especially when a failure occurs before a determination of efficacy is firmly established. Mastery of experience contributes immensely to evidence-based practice in the nursing profession. For example, when a nurse intends to know the side effects of medical drugs on a particular patient, they seek historical information from the patient and apply it in adjusting their treatment recommendations.
The second builder of self-efficacy is social role models or vicarious experiences. The vicarious experiences describe the self-efficacy stimulants presented by a person’s social environment. Concisely, seeing other people whose situations are similar succeeding through sustained and persistent efforts raises the observer’s determination. The observers reassure themselves about the capabilities using comparable situations of others. The effect of vicarious experience increases with the level of internal motivation of an individual and the mindset they use to approach life. Positive mindsets would benefit more from social role models as they are already tuned to the mood of achieving. It is important to improve health safety through the influence of a social role model. For instance, diet control is where a person lives like someone who believes in their experience and knowledge regarding healthy life behaviors.
Social persuasion increases self-efficacy by consolidating positive verbal feedback and encouragement while undertaking challenging tasks. Shiau et al. (2020) concluded that self-efficacy is a product of encouragements and discouragements. For example, telling an elementary school child that they can achieve any level of greatness they desire would be verbal persuasion intended to trigger an action. The same applies when administering self-care among patients when nurses need to reassure the patients of their ability to sustain their condition by observing behavioral health practices. A good example applies in counseling. For instance, a reasonable level of persuasion is important when a nurse advises a patient to control his smoking habits to escape the harmful side effects.
More so, visualization or imaginary experiences also have a stake in building self-efficacy. Lippke (2020) suggested this route to self-efficacy, where people visualize themselvesbehaving effectively or being successful in a particular situation. Imaginary experiences are significant in nursing practice to both patients and nurses. For instance, the nursing training process is rigorous and involving. Therefore, learners need to visualize success to remain committed to the call.
In summary, self-efficacy theory measures the probability of success as most likely through the interplay of visualization of success, social persuasion, vicarious experience, and mastery experiences. This theory is key to the nursing profession in their training and practice.
References
Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 4(3), 359-373.
Chen, Y. (2020). Correlation between self-efficacy and English performance. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(8), 223-234.
Lippke, S. (2020). Self-efficacy theory. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 4722-4727.
Shiau, W. L., Yuan, Y., Pu, X., Ray, S., & Chen, C. C. (2020). Understanding fintech continuance: perspectives from self-efficacy and ECT-IS theories. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
by Marice Arcia Del Rey – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 6:46 PM
Number of replies: 0
Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
The theory of Self-Efficacy by Albert Bandura is a middle-range theory that focuses on the relationship between behavior and personality. It is widely used in the nursing discipline to explain the behaviors of patients who have chronic illnesses (Shefaly, 2021). This theory was developed by considering different factors, including the environment, thoughts, emotions, and physiological changes. The concept focuses on people’s abilities to control their lives by affecting intra-personal mechanisms (subconscious), such as realizing goals using self-reinforcement techniques and positive or negative feedback (Shefaly, 2021). Intra-personal mechanisms may not be sufficient if social forces beyond one’s control considerably impact their behavior. This essay critiques the theory using the internal and external criticism evaluation process.
Internal Criticism
In internal criticism evaluation, the theory is critically evaluated based on its consistency in fulfilling the objectives of the nursing discipline. In this case, Bandura developed his Self-Efficacy Theory to explain how individual behavior is determined by their self-beliefs, which are formed by past experiences and perceptions. He suggested that people develop beliefs about their own capabilities from their past experiences and perceptions; hence, these beliefs determine their behavior or performance in later situations. The Self-Efficacy Theory attempts to explain why some individuals perform well while others do not when faced with certain tasks or challenges (Bandura). For example, people who believe they can perform well at something will try harder than those who believe they cannot perform well at it. The self-efficacy theory has been well researched among different cultures, age groups, and genders. Bandura’s study proved that children exposed to violence tend to believe that they cannot control their environment and thus reduce their sense of self-efficacy. This led him to conclude that people are motivated when they feel confident enough about their abilities or skills to achieve success in what they do.
Bandura’s theory is one of the most supported theories in psychology due to its convincing findings and consistency over time. This theory also appreciates and bases on previous research. The theory of self-efficacy is based on Bandura’s previous research. Bandura’s previous research includes his social learning theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021). The concept of reciprocal determinism states that behavior, personality, and setting are interrelated and impact each other. The theory of self-efficacy was developed from this concept. Social learning theory focuses on how people learn from their environment through observation, imitation, and rewards or punishment for their behavior. This theory was built upon Bandura’s belief that humans can learn from their environment using observational learning, operant conditioning, and social-cognitive processes such as modeling and vicarious learning (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021).
External Criticism
Self-efficacy theory explains how human potential is influenced by the environment and one’s perception of it. Bandura’s work in this area has been beneficial to nursing by providing students with insight into the factors (exposure to role models or others, encouragement, rewards, and punishment) that can influence someone’s motivation (Shefaly, 2021). His work also demonstrated how cultural values and social learning theories impact individuals through the process of reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease behavior change. However, Bandura does not discuss the impact that other factors such as knowledge, skills, locus of control, and genetics may have on self-efficacy. The self-efficacy theory by Albert Bandura is useful in a nursing context because it offers the nurse an effective way of dealing with patient responsibility. Self-efficacy refers to feelings of certainty about one’s abilities to act effectively in a given situation. Patients who feel empowered to make informed decisions about their health care perceive themselves as more capable, who believe they can control their illness and its treatment outcomes will be more responsive and cooperative with the treatment plan implemented by the nurse (Shefaly, 2021)
References
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and human motivation. In Advances in Motivation Science (Vol. 8, pp. 153-179). Elsevier.
Shefaly Shorey. (2021). Self-Efficacy in a Nursing Context In book: Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research (pp.145-158). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350003033_Self-Efficacy_in_a_Nursing_Context

(2) PIER 2 Discussion Post: Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
by Marice Arcia Del Rey – Wednesday, June 8, 2022, 6:46 PM

Critique of Self-Efficacy Theory
The theory of Self-Efficacy by Albert Bandura is a middle-range theory that focuses on the relationship between behavior and personality. It is widely used in the nursing discipline to explain the behaviors of patients who have chronic illnesses (Shefaly, 2021). This theory was developed by considering different factors, including the environment, thoughts, emotions, and physiological changes. The concept focuses on people’s abilities to control their lives by affecting intra-personal mechanisms (subconscious), such as realizing goals using self-reinforcement techniques and positive or negative feedback (Shefaly, 2021). Intra-personal mechanisms may not be sufficient if social forces beyond one’s control considerably impact their behavior. This essay critiques the theory using the internal and external criticism evaluation process.
Internal Criticism
In internal criticism evaluation, the theory is critically evaluated based on its consistency in fulfilling the objectives of the nursing discipline. In this case, Bandura developed his Self-Efficacy Theory to explain how individual behavior is determined by their self-beliefs, which are formed by past experiences and perceptions. He suggested that people develop beliefs about their own capabilities from their past experiences and perceptions; hence, these beliefs determine their behavior or performance in later situations. The Self-Efficacy Theory attempts to explain why some individuals perform well while others do not when faced with certain tasks or challenges (Bandura). For example, people who believe they can perform well at something will try harder than those who believe they cannot perform well at it. The self-efficacy theory has been well researched among different cultures, age groups, and genders. Bandura’s study proved that children exposed to violence tend to believe that they cannot control their environment and thus reduce their sense of self-efficacy. This led him to conclude that people are motivated when they feel confident enough about their abilities or skills to achieve success in what they do.
Bandura’s theory is one of the most supported theories in psychology due to its convincing findings and consistency over time. This theory also appreciates and bases on previous research. The theory of self-efficacy is based on Bandura’s previous research. Bandura’s previous research includes his social learning theory and the concept of reciprocal determinism (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021). The concept of reciprocal determinism states that behavior, personality, and setting are interrelated and impact each other. The theory of self-efficacy was developed from this concept. Social learning theory focuses on how people learn from their environment through observation, imitation, and rewards or punishment for their behavior. This theory was built upon Bandura’s belief that humans can learn from their environment using observational learning, operant conditioning, and social-cognitive processes such as modeling and vicarious learning (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2021).
External Criticism
Self-efficacy theory explains how human potential is influenced by the environment and one’s perception of it. Bandura’s work in this area has been beneficial to nursing by providing students with insight into the factors (exposure to role models or others, encouragement, rewards, and punishment) that can influence someone’s motivation (Shefaly, 2021). His work also demonstrated how cultural values and social learning theories impact individuals through the process of reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease behavior change. However, Bandura does not discuss the impact that other factors such as knowledge, skills, locus of control, and genetics may have on self-efficacy. The self-efficacy theory by Albert Bandura is useful in a nursing context because it offers the nurse an effective way of dealing with patient responsibility. Self-efficacy refers to feelings of certainty about one’s abilities to act effectively in a given situation. Patients who feel empowered to make informed decisions about their health care perceive themselves as more capable, who believe they can control their illness and its treatment outcomes will be more responsive and cooperative with the treatment plan implemented by the nurse (Shefaly, 2021)
References
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and human motivation. In Advances in Motivation Science (Vol. 8, pp. 153-179). Elsevier.
Shefaly Shorey. (2021). Self-Efficacy in a Nursing Context In book: Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research (pp.145-158). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350003033_Self-Efficacy_in_a_Nursing_Context

MUSC 1020Listening Journal 10
Assignment Instruction
Purpose of this Assignment
Apply music element knowledge to new listening experience and make academic opinions.
Visit MUSC 1020: Funk, Soul & Disco YouTube Playlist

(https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSMjPB1YhOz4EHT1rkaf3yHqTVV_TSCpO)

created by Krystal McCoy. Listen to the playlist and select 2 songs to discuss in your listening journal. Analyze each song and write about its music elements and how it impacts you as a listener. Write at least five complete sentences for each song.
NEW OPTION! I am open to creating new formats of listening journals this semester. I want you to use class vocabulary/content, and I support you sharing this content however you would like. For instance, instead of writing 5 sentences, you may want to create an infographic instead. I look forward to seeing what you will submit! You can always contact me ahead of time for advice.
Grading of Assignment
Grading will be determined by the attached rubric. The following link is a guide on how to view the rubric:
https://community.canvaslms.com/docs/DOC-10577-4212540120 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
View Rubric
Listening Journal Rubric
Listening Journal Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
Vocabulary
view longer description
4 pts
Level 4
Uses vocabulary on a regular basis and demonstrates understanding of vocabulary with examples.
3 pts
Level 3
Uses vocabulary on a regular basis.
2 pts
Level 2
Uses most common vocabulary, but does not branch out into new material.
0 pts
Level 1
Does not use vocabulary in writing
/ 4 pts
Identification
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4 pts
Level 4
Identifies instruments, sections, time signatures, and the expression of a piece at all times.
3 pts
Level 3
Identifies instruments, sections, time signatures, and the expression of a piece at times.
2 pts
Level 2
Identifies some but not all instruments, sections, time signatures, and the expression of a piece.
0 pts
Level 1
Does not identify instruments, sections, time signatures, or expression.
/ 4 pts
Compare/Contrast
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4 pts
Level 4
Compares and contrasts piece with another specific piece or time finding correlating ideas or motifs.
3 pts
Level 3
Compares and contrasts piece with another specific piece or time finding correlating ideas or motifs.
2 pts
Level 2
Compares and contrasts piece to a general mood or feeling.
0 pts
Level 1
Does not compare or contrast piece to anything.
/ 4 pts
Reflection/Opinion
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4 pts
Level 4
Reflects on and reacts to a piece using specific reasons.
3 pts
Level 3
Reflects on and reacts to a piece using non-specific reasons.
2 pts
Level 2
Reflects on and reacts to a piece using very little reasoning.
0 pts
Level 1
Does not reflect on or react to piece.
/ 4 pts
Grammar and Spelling (Conventions)
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4 pts
Level 4
Makes no errors in grammar or spelling.
3 pts
Level 3
Makes 1-2 errors in grammar or spelling.
2 pts
Level 2
Makes 3-4 errors in grammar or spelling.
0 pts
Level 1
Makes more than 4 errors in grammar or spelling.
/ 4 pts
Total Points: 0