Best Writer

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member.

Due Thursday
This week you learned about exponential and logarithmic functions.

Respond to the following prompts in a minimum of 175 words:
Search the internet for real-world applications of logarithms or exponential functions.
Share the application you discovered with the class along with how it relates to logarithms or exponential functions. Be sure to cite the resource.
What is the relationship between exponentials and logarithms?
Due Monday
Post 2 replies to classmates or your faculty member. Be constructive and professional.

Reply 1 Jasmine Ott:

Exponential functions and logarithms both have many different practical uses in life. I thought that logarithms would be less so, however I have found that they are used to measure various different things such as sound, earth quakes, and even the brightness of stars. Logarithms seem to have a practical and common use in scientific fields.

In the case of earth quakes, the Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake with the formula R = log(A/A0). The variable A is found when a seismograph detects movement in the earth and outputs a measurement of amplitude (A), and A0 is the smallest detectable wave on the scale, used as a base standard. This formula is then solved to calculate the intensity of an earthquake. The formula for measuring sound is also quite similar.

The relationship between exponential functions and logarithms is that they are the inverse of one another. A logarithm is essentially the opposite or mirror of its partnered exponential function, and vice versa.

Resources:
Mathematical Modeling with Exponential and Logarithmic Functions. (). http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U18_L4_T2_text_final.html#:~:text=Exponential%20and%20logarithmic%20functions%20are%20no%20exception!&text=Much%20of%20the%20power%20of,measure%20of%20acidity%20and%20alkalinity).

Reply 2 William Graham:

After searching the internet for real world application for logarithmic
equation I came across a very interesting use, The Richter scale is used
to calculate the amount of energy release by earth quakes. The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale used to express the total amount of energy released by an earthquake. Each number increase on the Richter scale indicates an intensity ten times stronger. For example, an earthquake of magnitude 5 is ten times stronger than an earthquake of magnitude 4. An earthquake of magnitude 6 is 10 × 10, or 100 times stronger. In general, a measure of under 5 on the Richer scales is considered a minor earthquake, while a measure over 7 indicates major destruction. There are lots of real world applications along with the Richter scale scientist also use logarithmic equation to measure sound decibles and measure the brightness of a star. Logarithms are also used in computer programming, programmer use these equations ensure software is properly programmed to effect a certain outcome. i`m sorry for my late entry for this weeks discussion i hope that i at least brought something to the conversation.

Use your textbook to complete your Case Study. Read the following case studies in your textbook and answer the questions in your text: Case Study 1: “The Woman Who Dreams of Stress,” after Module 14. Case Study 2: “John Buckingham, the New Guy on the Job,” after Module 43 The answers to both Case Study 1 and Case Study 2 written in complete sentences Format your paper using a standard font, such as Times New Roman, 12 point, double-spaced. Set the margins at a standard 1 inch on all sides. Since you’ve given your information on the cover sheet, no header is necessary.For the body of your paper, make a clear distinction when you’re answering the questions about Case Study 1 and answer questions 1–5 in complete sentences. Then move on to Case Study 2 and continue in the same format. For clarity, please include each question from the case study prior to your response. For each questin, your answer will be about a paragraph long.

Case study 1: The Women who dreams of stress (1)Arlene is worried that her recent dream experiences indicate that something is wrong with her. If you were Arlene’s friend and wanted to reassure her, how would you help her to understand the normal experience of sleep and dreams?(2)Which theory of dreaming seems to best explain Arlene’s disturbing dreams, and why?(3)How might meditation help Arlene?(4)If you were Arlene’s health care provider, how would you advise her to overcome her insomnia?(5)What are some effects on Arlene of her high caffeine intake? What would happen if she just suddenly stopped drinking coffee and energy drinks? How would you advise her to modify her caffeine use?

Case Study 2: “John Buckingham, the New Guy on the Job,”(1)What does the behavior of John’s co-workers toward John suggest about their attributions for his initial manner of dress? (2)Describe the kinds of biases that might have affected John’s co-workers as they formed impressions of him on his first day. Could they have been using a faulty schema to understand him? Is there evidence of the halo effect? (3)Explain why John changed his manner of dress so soon after starting his new job. What processes were likely involved in his decision to do so? (4)John’s co-workers seemed very hesitant to“warm up” to John. How would you explain to John their initial reluctance to like him very much? (5) If you were the human resources director for this company, what strategies could you employ to prevent experiences like John’s? How would you justify the implementation of these strategies to the company president?

Write a research paper on a critical analysis of survival and violence in the movie Dunkirk.

PLEASE FOLLOWING THESE EXACT INSTRUCTIONS AND ANSWER EACH QUESTION CLEARLY AND THOROUGHLY
I ATTACHED THE PDF OF THE ARTICLE
Read the following article and answer the questions that follow:

Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (1997). External validity of “trivial” experiments: The case of laboratory aggression. Review of General Psychology, 1(1), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.1.19

1. In general, which has higher internal validity: experiments or correlational studies? Why?

2. In general, which has higher external validity: field research or laboratory research?
Why?

3. Anderson and Bushman (1997) argue that if a study has low internal validity, a
discussion of external validity is meaningless. Explain.

4. Explain why sometimes, the artificial laboratory environment may be preferable to real
world settings.

5. Describe a few ways in which researchers measure aggression in a laboratory setting.

6. Describe a few ways in which researchers measure aggression in the real world.

7. On the surface, it seems as though indeed, laboratory settings have little relation to the
outside world (note, for instance, the differences in your answers for questions 5 and 6).
How do Anderson and Bushman (1997) refute this claim?

8. According to Anderson and Bushman (1997), in what way is aggression in the laboratory
similar to aggression in the real world? Why is it important to note these similarities?

Write a paper statement of purpose or personal statement.

Create a 3- to 4-minute video about how the students can influence positive change on a local environmental challenge. Review the Influencing Environmental Change Transcript Example as you prepare to record your video content and for some ideas for how to talk about these sorts of ideas to a middle school audience.
Include the following components in your video:
Identify a local environmental challenge.
Summarize the local environmental challenge. Support your summary with at least 2 sources from the University Library, reputable environmental groups, or government websites.
Explain why this challenge is relevant to the middle school class. Remember that while it is important to be honest with children about the realities of the health of the environment, be sure not to scare them. Focus on why it should be important to them, and that they can take action to help.
Identify any local regulations or policies that have been created in response to this challenge. Remember, the purpose of this presentation is to help the students think about how they can change their behavior, not to teach them about regulations. Only mention the regulations so that students can understand how society has used regulations to change behavior. Do not spend too much time explaining details of the regulations to the students.
Recommend 3 sustainable actions the middle school students can do in response to this challenge to help.
Submit your assignment.

Write a proposing a solution to a problem faced by a community or group to which you belong

Create a short story using, archetypes, literary elements, figurative language, and academic vocabulary words to shape your story. I will add a list of my vocab words below. What is the setting, plot, characters, etc. How will you use figurative language such as metaphor and alliteration? What type of characters will you include? Ensure that you also demonstrate a clear point-of-view such as omniscient, limited omniscient, third-person, narrative, or first person, within the story.

The short story should include a title, a typed paper, using Times New Roman, 12 pt. font, and double-spaced lines (Please space the lines). Be sure to also use paragraph formatting, with the first line of each paragraph being indented.

Vocab Words:

righteous
treaty
host
peril
foreshadowing
swoon
traitor
betrayed
barge
hermitage
objective
audience
petty
quest
clarification
larger-than-life
innovation
Doleful
Swooned
Smote
tarrying
adder

Analytic Memo #1 – Analyzing Social Interaction and Inequality in Public Space
In this module, we have considered how everyday interactions in public spaces are governed by unwritten rules and norms. We have also seen how these rules and norms are informed by social inequalities of race, class, and gender. In this memo, you are going to apply insights from the module to analyze a local public space that you frequent in your daily life. To do so, you will conduct systematic observation of how people interact in a public space of your choosing, identify unwritten rules and norms that govern interactions in that space, and consider how those interactions are shaped by social inequalities.
The first step is to spend at least one (1) hour observing and taking notes on how people behave and interact with one another in a local public space. The space you observe is up to you. It can be a park, a mall or shopping center, a market, a street corner, a beach, a basketball court – really anywhere that people congregate and interact in public. This can be a space that you already visit regularly, or one that you are less familiar with but are curious about. However, I want you to visit and observe this space not as one of its users, but rather as a sociologist who is trying to decode its unwritten rules.
As you observe and take notes on this space, you will need to look especially for two kinds of patterns. First, what general or shared patterns to do you see in all (or most) people’s behavior in this space? Do people in this space walk a certain way? Talk a certain way? Engage in certain activities? Avoiding engaging in others? Do you see frequent ways of communicating with each other using verbal or non-verbal cues? Do you see anyone acting differently from most people in this space? How do others respond to this deviation? Are there ways in which people enforce (or remind others of) the dominant norms of behavior in this space?
Second, think back to the readings by Elijah Anderson and Kristen Day, and consider what patterns of race, class, and/or gender you observe in this space. Does a particular racial, gender, or class group predominate in this space? Why might this be the case? What “signals” indicate that the space is “for” a particular group of people? Do people act (or react) differently when members of a non-dominant group enter the space? How? Alternatively, if the space is socially mixed, how do members of different class, racial, or gender groups use the space differently? How do they interact with (or avoid) each other? Is this a segregated space? Is it a “cosmopolitan canopy”?
You do not have to answer all of these questions. They are just to get you thinking about the kinds of patterns you might look for. You do, however, have to take detailed notes of what you observe in order to complete this assignment successfully. You will need to provide specific examples from these notes as supporting evidence in the memo. The more you write down in your observation notes, the easier (and more compelling) your writing will be.
The next step is to chose your concepts. After conducting your observation, you will analyze what you observed using at least two concepts or ideas from the module readings. This must include at one concept or idea from the essay by Jane Jacobs (“The Uses of Public Sidewalks”), and at least one from EITHER the article by Kristen Day (“Constructing Masculinity and Women’s Fear”) OR the article by Elijah Anderson (“The Cosmopolitan Canopy”).
The final step is to write your memo. After you have decided on the concepts you are going to use, write a memo of between 900 words that describes social interactions in your public space and analyzes those interactions using the concepts you have chosen. The memo should be written in well-structured paragraphs using formal, academic prose. It must have the following six components:
a) An original title that gives the reader a clear idea of what you will present in the memo.
b) An introductory paragraph that introduces the reader to the public space you observed AND establishes a thesis statement (i.e. the overall sociological argument about interaction in the space that you are going to be making in the memo).
c) One to two paragraphs in which you describe and analyze the general rules of social interaction that you observed in a public space. In this section, you must apply at least one concept from the reading by Jane Jacobs to interpret your observation. Make sure to clearly introduce, explain, and cite (with Chicago Style, Author-date citations
(Links to an external site.)
) the concept from Jane Jacobs, and provide descriptive evidence from your observation notes that clearly demonstrates how this concept is relevant to understanding interactions in the space you observed.
d) One to two paragraphs that analyze how inequalities of race, class, and/or gender shape interactions in the space you observe. Again, you must clearly introduce, explain, and cite at least one concept from the readings by Kristen Day and/or Elijah Anderson, and provide descriptive evidence from your observation notes that clearly demonstrates how this concept is relevant to understanding interactions in the space you observed.
e) A concluding paragraph that recaps your argument and explores how paying attention to inequalities of race, class, and/or gender, either fits into, challenges, or changes Jane Jacobs’ theory of how urban public spaces are regulated.
f) A reference page that includes full citations for the readings that you drew concepts from. Make sure to use Chicago Style
(Links to an external site.)
for your citations and citations.
BEFORE YOU SUBMIT: Make sure that you have cited your sources internally. Use the format: (Author Year, Pg#). For example, if you paraphrased or used a direct quote to express an idea from page 113 of the article by Kristen Day, this quote should be followed by (Day 2001, 113).
If you are not quoting directly, but are summarizing a general idea or argument from the article, a citation is still required, but no page number is needed. For example: “Day argues that men and women perceive public space in different ways (Day 2001).”
Also, make sure that all internally cited sources are included in the reference page at the end of the memo. For example, if you cited Kristen Day’s article in your paper, your reference page should include the following full citation:
Day, Kristen. 2001. “Constructing Masculinity and Women’s Fear in Public Space in Irvine, California.” Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 8(2): 109-127.
Also, proofread carefully before submission! In particular, you should check for two things: a) typos, incorrect punctuation, missing words, spelling and grammatical errors; and b) overall coherence of the memo – Do I have a clear argument? Does my writing make sense? Does the body of the memo match what I said I would show in the introduction?
Formatting Requirements (Follow carefully to avoid losing points):
1) Upload your final memo as a Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or PDF file ONLY.
2) Include a header with your Name and Z number.
3) Word count: 900-1,200 (no more, no less). This does not include header, title, or references.
4) Double-spaced

Covid-19 spring 2022 Extra Credit Blog Assignment

According to some, we are in the midst of a 5th surge in this pandemic while some are saying 6th (supposedly depends on how we count the surges or waves). Regardless, more than 2 years into the pandemic, we are not out of “the woods” yet and we don’t know exactly what the future will bring as this coronavirus keeps mutating (evolving). We do now have some effective tools and knowledge at our disposal to help mitigate the effects of the virus infection or to help limit its spread amongst the community. However, to a good extent, both of those require buy in from the community at large. I know already you have been boostered and you have been diligently coming to class wearing face masks, even when not fully mandated to do so on CUNY campuses since mid-spring.

So, where do we go from here? I am sharing with you some website URLs at the end to give you somethings for you to reflect upon and maybe consider some things you have not thought too much about before. Most of the articles are relatively short and fairly easy to read through. It will be up to you do decide which points to tackle in this extra credit assignment. Like the Discussion Board assignments, it is designed to be somewhat open ended. This entry though should probably be at least 200-300 words and these should be your own words please. I want to hear your thoughts. And you may want to respond to your class mates entries. I will be looking for that too.

i) NYC and other areas of the country have started testing wastewater for COVID -19 virus utilizing molecular biology techniques (some useful info. might be found in Ch. 9 of the text also). Is this something sensible for the government to do money-wise? Time-wise? Is it useful to continue tracking the development of new variants? And the rise and fall of current or past variants in a community?

ii)Each variant seems to be more and more transmissible making it harder for us to attain an effective percentage of herd immunity. Two years ago the scientific community talked about needing to reach a level of 70% level from a combination of immunity from vaccination and/or infection. Now we are talking about maybe needing upwards of 90% (in the vicinity of what is needed to curtail measles outbreaks from becoming epidemics). Mostly we have been focusing on protective antibody levels as a tracker of herd immunity; however, we know antibodies in the bloodstream (and tissues) do wane with time and this seems to be a particularly problematic situation with some of the Covid-19 variants (protective antibody production is particularly short-lived, i.e. not particularly durable). And we have been hearing about how these new variants have been increasingly able to evade immune detection by antibodies.

Now that you have gone through Ch 16 and 17, you have some idea as to what is going on here when it coming to how we develop a humoral response. You also learned something about memory cells and clonal expansion as well as about cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which can be a very important aspect of the immune response against virus infections. I am sharing a short article with you about T cell immunity and Covid-19, which up until now has not been that carefully monitored when it comes to COVID-19 infections. As we move forward, do you think the CMI response to Covid-19 is going to be much more critical in the future than the humoral response in protecting us? Something to consider is what people are saying about how the different variants generate protective immune responses vs. responses from natural infection. Should we be encouraging people to continue getting vaccinated? Boostered? How about trying to become infected with Covid-19 deliberately? How about development of an omicron specific vaccine? Or a vaccine directed at a more conserved sequence on the spike protein or another viral protein?

iii)The US government (Congress) is considering adding more funding to so as to be able to continue providing free vaccination, free medications, free testing, etc. in the U.S. and to some extent, to support the vaccination efforts in poorer countries. How do you feel about the government spending more money for US efforts? How about money for other countries?

iv)How do you feel about face mask mandates and vaccine mandates being employed again outside of the CUNY campuses in the future if deemed necessary? I know you have been wearing them in class, if though they have not been required for the last couple of months. How about outside of campuses? Do you encourage your family and friends to wear face masks under situations where they are indoors and outdoors in large crowds (especially when vaccination status is not known). Are you encouraging family and friends to become vaccinated or boostered if they are not yet?

Some useful data to consider: New York State has 77.7% of the population fully vaccinated but the percentage of boostered individuals is considerably less. With NYC, the most current stats are: at least 1 dose, 87%; fully vaccinated at 78%; additional booster at 38%. And it should be noted that adults including those 65 or older are vaccinated at a considerably much higher rate than children, 5 yr or older. And of course, the vaccination levels vary considerably across the country.

1) https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dep/whats-new/covid-19-wastewater-testing.page

Program Overview (of NYC wastewater testing program)

2) https://gothamist.com/news/can-we-use-the-sewers-to-track-covid-19-nyc-is-still-figuring-it-out

Can we use the sewers to track COVID-19? NYC is still figuring it out

3)https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/21/health/covid-vaccine-antibodies-t-cells.html

Got a Covid Booster? You Probably Won’t Need Another for a Long Time

4) https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/05/congress-covid-bill-global-again-00023033

Congress could finally pass a Covid bill. They’ll soon have to do it all again.

5) https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/amid-signs-of-covid-s-6th-wave-more-us-areas-may-see-mask-recommendations-101652891916331.html

Amid signs of Covid’s 6th wave, more US areas may see mask recommendations

6) https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/05/covid-new-york-city-could-bring-back-mask-mandate-vaccine-checks.html

New York City could bring back Covid mask mandate, vaccine checks if hospitals come under pressure

7)https://www.vox.com/23100593/covid-subvariant-omicron-ba-2-4-5-vaccine-paxlovid