Best Writer

Do you think it’s possible to offer a convincing argument for God’s existence? If so, give the strongest argument you can for God’s existence. If not, explain why not, giving an argument for that view.
Do you think it’s possible to offer a convincing argument for God’s existence? If so, give the strongest argument you can for God’s existence. If not, explain why not, giving an argument for that view.

Instructions:
These response papers should demonstrate that you have completed the readings and reflected on the author’s argument as well as the evidence they use to support it.
In clear, concise language, you should identify two key passages or quotations and explain their significance in 500 words.
You should also pose at least one question for our class discussion. The readings that you pick should evoke something as you read them so that your paper will be an honest reflection of your reading experience.
Your reading response papers will be graded on the following scale:
10/10: An excellent response that concisely synthesizes the reading, integrating at least two key passages from the text to support critical analysis of the author’s argument and evidence, draws connections to course content and themes, and raises provocative questions for discussion.
7.5/10: A satisfactory response that attempts to synthesize the reading(s) but lacks critical analysis and/or required elements (quotations, questions).
5/10: Reading response is posted by the deadline, but analysis is superficial and perfunctory and/or required elements (quotations, questions) missing.
0/10: Failure to submit a response.
Please pick ONE reading for this assignment (links below):

https://www.wired.com/story/fast-cheap-out-of-control-inside-rise-of-shein/https://www.wired.com/story/fast-cheap-out-of-control-inside-rise-of-shein/https://www.wired.com/story/fast-cheap-out-of-control-inside-rise-of-shein/
https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2022/apr/10/shein-the-unacceptable-face-of-throwaway-fast-fashion

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU AREN’T JUST DESCRIBING AND SUMMARIZING THE READING BUT THAT IT IS BEING CRITICALLY ANALYZED AS DESCRIBED IN THE BOLDED TEXT ABOVE UNDER THE GRADING SCALE OF 10/10.

Course content and themes from the course that may be linked to this reading:
* ‘Test and Repeat Model’ that SHEIN uses is similar to the Amazon ‘Just in Time Model’

* “The U.S. banned the importation of cotton from Xinjiang because of its treatment of its Uyghurs people. Laboratory testing conducted for Bloomberg News on two occasions this year found that garments shipped to the US by Shein were made with cotton from China’s Xinjiang region. The company didn’t dispute it just claimed a “Sustainability and Social Impact” report on Shein’s US website says the company carries out regular audits aimed at ensuring a zero-tolerance policy for “forced labor” and other environmental and social concerns.”

*SHEIN claims environmental measures by limited quantity. They claim to produce in “small quantities” of 50-100 “which reduces waste.” “The language is ambiguous again. Do they mean 50-100 pieces total per style? Or 50-100 pieces at a time? Even if it were the former, that’s still an unsustainable scale if you have thousands and thousands of items on your website”.
542155
4 minutes ago
Proper link for first reading: https://www.wired.com/story/fast-cheap-out-of-control-inside-rise-of-shein/
542155
2 minutes ago
The Limits of Corporate Responsibility are tied into the second theme.

In this second mini methods project, you will be designing a 2-3 page single-spaced questionnaire as a mock (pretend) survey to gather data to help you analyze your research question. You will not be actually administering the survey–this is methodological assignment meant to help you create a rough draft of a survey that would help you gather data used to help answer your research question. You will submit this questionnaire ALONG with this 2-page report: Survey Report.docx

Follow the steps below to effectively accomplish this assignment!

Step 1: Conceptualize/Operationalize Your Research Question

Begin by going back to your original research question. What were your independent and dependent variables? Take each variable and go through the conceptualization process. What dimensions of the IV or DV are you most interested in? What are good ways to measure those dimensions? Do some brainstorming, knowing that eventually you will be creating questions to help you measure each dimension of your IV and DV.

Step 2: Choose a Sampling Plan

Even though we are not going to be actually giving out the survey, how you design your survey questions depend heavily on who you plan on giving the survey to. As a result, in this step, we want to brainstorm how will we be administering the survey. Review your notes from lecture and from readings. Go back and review the different ways you can sample a population. And then, go through the following:

Clearly identify the target population that you want to gather data from for your IVs and DVs (the population you want to sample).
Decide what is the best way to sample this population (i.e. choose a sampling strategy, like simple random sample, snowballing, etc.)–have reasons for why this is the best way to sample your intended population. Will you use a probability sample or a non-probability sample?
Consider how you would physically execute your sampling plan. Do you have a sampling frame? How would you find these individuals and ask them to participate in your survey?
Step 3: Design the Questionnaire

You will design a questionnaire (2-3 pages, single spaced) that might be used in a survey to gather data about your research question (you will not be required to actually administer the survey). The survey should try to capture multiple dimensions of your key variables—even simple variables can have depth, color, and dimension. Refer to step #1 and actually draft questions that would help you measure each dimension of your variables. (1) Brainstorm enough questions that you feel confident that you would be measuring your IV and DV effectively. Imagine getting your responses and how your responses might provide good, meaningful data to analyze. Your questionnaire should also effectively use different types of survey questions to get different degrees of measurements of your key variables.

You should keep in mind your sampling plan and who will be answering these questions when you draft your questionnaire. Once you have your brainstorm, (2) begin to actually draft these questions on a document, keeping in mind the tips about crafting an effective survey (such as different types of questions and answers, paying attention to wording, etc.).

After you have accomplished that, (3) reread and edit, checking the wording of each individual question. Once you have done that, (4) work on the order of the questions and make sure the survey flows logically and avoids introducing any bias.

Finally, (5) have someone take your survey (preferably someone who is part of the population you hope to sample in step #2) and give you feedback for altering your survey. Then make whatever edits and improvements you need to make!

Your questionnaire should be formatted in a way that you would use if you were actually conducting the survey. Make sure the format is easy to read and will not be difficult for respondents to answer. Be sure to provide appropriate spaces for respondents to check or write-in their answers. If you need examples of surveys, you can refer back to the GSS and also to the examples in readings/lecture: Survey Foundations and Survey Questions + Example

Questions should follow all the guidelines discussed in class and you will be graded based on the effective utilization of course content. For example, valuable use of different question types, effective and clear wording, ordering the questions to avoid bias, etc.

After constructing the survey, fill out this 2-page report answering the following questions: Survey Report.docx

You will submit both your questionnaire (50 points) and your filled-out report (50 points) on bCourses.

FAQ: (same Q&As from the previous project assignment)

Are we allowed to write more than the text box? Or what happens if we run out of room to answer the question?

Try to stay within the confines of the text box. In my opinion, the boxes give you plenty of room to answer each question. I would really assess the need for going beyond that. If you felt you needed to elongate one text box (by shortening another), you can do so (I am not instructing GSIs to take points off if you do), but again, I’m not sure why you would need to–it should be enough room.

What should I focus on in answering each of these questions?

Focus on showing your logical, step-by-step thinking and show your justifications for every choice you make. Try to apply course knowledge wherever you can–you might even review each concept before you write your answer so that you can really show your application of course knowledge accurate and precisely.

Also, be detailed and specific. Try to give examples or use specific language where you can to help your GSI understand what you are thinking.

Is there a right answer?

No, there is no right answer. There are, however, wrong answers. Any answer that you do not explain or justify is probably a wrong answer. But there is no magical answer that we are looking for–instead, we are looking for your explanations and justifications. We want to see your ability to design research and think like a social scientist.
Rubric
In this second mini methods project, you will be designing a 2-3 page single-spaced questionnaire as a mock (pretend) survey to gather data to help you analyze your research question. You will not be actually administering the survey–this is methodological assignment meant to help you create a rough draft of a survey that would help you gather data used to help answer your research question. You will submit this questionnaire ALONG with this 2-page report: Survey Report.docx

Follow the steps below to effectively accomplish this assignment!

Step 1: Conceptualize/Operationalize Your Research Question

Begin by going back to your original research question. What were your independent and dependent variables? Take each variable and go through the conceptualization process. What dimensions of the IV or DV are you most interested in? What are good ways to measure those dimensions? Do some brainstorming, knowing that eventually you will be creating questions to help you measure each dimension of your IV and DV.

Step 2: Choose a Sampling Plan

Even though we are not going to be actually giving out the survey, how you design your survey questions depend heavily on who you plan on giving the survey to. As a result, in this step, we want to brainstorm how will we be administering the survey. Review your notes from lecture and from readings. Go back and review the different ways you can sample a population. And then, go through the following:

Clearly identify the target population that you want to gather data from for your IVs and DVs (the population you want to sample).
Decide what is the best way to sample this population (i.e. choose a sampling strategy, like simple random sample, snowballing, etc.)–have reasons for why this is the best way to sample your intended population. Will you use a probability sample or a non-probability sample?
Consider how you would physically execute your sampling plan. Do you have a sampling frame? How would you find these individuals and ask them to participate in your survey?
Step 3: Design the Questionnaire

You will design a questionnaire (2-3 pages, single spaced) that might be used in a survey to gather data about your research question (you will not be required to actually administer the survey). The survey should try to capture multiple dimensions of your key variables—even simple variables can have depth, color, and dimension. Refer to step #1 and actually draft questions that would help you measure each dimension of your variables. (1) Brainstorm enough questions that you feel confident that you would be measuring your IV and DV effectively. Imagine getting your responses and how your responses might provide good, meaningful data to analyze. Your questionnaire should also effectively use different types of survey questions to get different degrees of measurements of your key variables.

You should keep in mind your sampling plan and who will be answering these questions when you draft your questionnaire. Once you have your brainstorm, (2) begin to actually draft these questions on a document, keeping in mind the tips about crafting an effective survey (such as different types of questions and answers, paying attention to wording, etc.).

After you have accomplished that, (3) reread and edit, checking the wording of each individual question. Once you have done that, (4) work on the order of the questions and make sure the survey flows logically and avoids introducing any bias.

Finally, (5) have someone take your survey (preferably someone who is part of the population you hope to sample in step #2) and give you feedback for altering your survey. Then make whatever edits and improvements you need to make!

Your questionnaire should be formatted in a way that you would use if you were actually conducting the survey. Make sure the format is easy to read and will not be difficult for respondents to answer. Be sure to provide appropriate spaces for respondents to check or write-in their answers. If you need examples of surveys, you can refer back to the GSS and also to the examples in readings/lecture: Survey Foundations and Survey Questions + Example

Questions should follow all the guidelines discussed in class and you will be graded based on the effective utilization of course content. For example, valuable use of different question types, effective and clear wording, ordering the questions to avoid bias, etc.

After constructing the survey, fill out this 2-page report answering the following questions: Survey Report.docx

You will submit both your questionnaire (50 points) and your filled-out report (50 points) on bCourses.

FAQ: (same Q&As from the previous project assignment)

Are we allowed to write more than the text box? Or what happens if we run out of room to answer the question?

Try to stay within the confines of the text box. In my opinion, the boxes give you plenty of room to answer each question. I would really assess the need for going beyond that. If you felt you needed to elongate one text box (by shortening another), you can do so (I am not instructing GSIs to take points off if you do), but again, I’m not sure why you would need to–it should be enough room.

What should I focus on in answering each of these questions?

Focus on showing your logical, step-by-step thinking and show your justifications for every choice you make. Try to apply course knowledge wherever you can–you might even review each concept before you write your answer so that you can really show your application of course knowledge accurate and precisely.

Also, be detailed and specific. Try to give examples or use specific language where you can to help your GSI understand what you are thinking.

Is there a right answer?

No, there is no right answer. There are, however, wrong answers. Any answer that you do not explain or justify is probably a wrong answer. But there is no magical answer that we are looking for–instead, we are looking for your explanations and justifications. We want to see your ability to design research and think like a social scientist.
Rubric

Research the Enron Scandal. Include in your answer the role of the Accounting Firm of Arthur Andersen and the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Your paper is required to be a total of 6-7 pages in length not counting the research page. You are required to use at least 3 academic sources. Investopedia and Wikipedia are not academic sources. DUE MARCH 16, 12:00PM.

Florida’s orange crop is shrinking year after year, sending commodity prices skyrocketing for orange juice concentrate. This video examines the intricacies of commodity markets through the lens of concentrated OJ, looking at concepts like futures contracts and how they affect both farmers and retailers.

Questions:
1. Why has Florida’s plummeting orange production caused juice prices to increase significantly?
2. What are the benefits of futures contracts for farmers and manufacturers?

Essay rule:

1. Essay should have an introduction and a conclusion and should have a well-articulated thesis or theme statement.

2. There should be at least three separate content sections where we see describe the issue (s), define term(s), apply those to concrete / illustrative examples as well as analysis of those outcomes.

3. Must have a separate reference page with proper apa citations and use scholarly sources. Also Make sure it’s plagiarism free and in 12 font.

Essay info

Topic : Social Structure Theories

1. Discuss and define the key terms, concepts related to social structure and crime

Outline the key social structure theories

2.Discuss and define the key components of strain theory

3. Illustrate through targeted research — at Chicago level or through other local data — on how social structure theories are evident in poverty, class, neighborhood blight, institutional racism or other factors

4. 1/3 to 1/4 of Paper = Analysis and Insights of your illustrative examples

What social inventions have urban residents made in order to reduce or at least manage the impact of strangers?

Can you complete this table by following the prompts in the text? The theme will be Art Education. I want to combine the theme with Art Theropy. It can be developed the question like “What is the role of education in promoting the use of art therapy and how can these intergrated to classroom” You can develop a more complex research question based on this.

1. INTRODUCTION

Complete this in BULLET POINT form.

2. Background to the Problem

* Personal Context (identify two- three personal aspects that are driving you to do this study, use complete sentences)

* Scholarly Context (list 5-7 scholarly sources from the past decade that relate to your interest that you outline in the personal context. Use APA. One bullet for each scholarly source and summarize the key argument, use complete sentences. )

3. Problem and Purpose Statement

1. Using the scholarly sources you identified above, begin a working version of your problem statement below:

This study argues____________. A number of art educators have recently suggested that__________ ( cite at least 2-3 sources per APA). Others argue________ ( cite at least 2-3 sources per APA). While these authors discuss___________, they do not discuss_______. Therefore, the purpose of this______ (qualitative/quantitative/mixed method- you will add the appropriate strategy of inquiry later) study will be to _______ (understand? explore? Generate? Discover?) the _______ ( central phenomenon being studied) for ________ ( the participants, such as the individual groups, organization)_______ at ( research site). At this stage in the research, the ______________ ( central phenomenon being studied) will be generally defined as _______ ( provide a general definition).

4. Research Questions

Using the script below, craft one central question. We will add the specific questions later.

______ ( what/how/in what way)_______ does the _______(central phenomenon) mean for ________ (participants) at the _______ ( research site)?

Assumptions (identify five key assumptions that you are entering the study with, use complete sentences). Assumptions are those things we take for granted in the study: statements by the researcher that certain elements of the research are understood to be true.

5. Theoretical Framework

Identify the theory that will guide your study. Name the theory and the scholar and describe it. No more than five bullet points. Use complete sentences. Use this cheat sheet to identify the theory but you’ll need to do some work to identify an appropriate theorist.

6. Significance of the Study

* Personal significance (three key bullet points in complete sentences on why the study matters to you)

* Scholarly significance (three key bullet points in complete sentences on why the study matters to someone else in the field)

Limitations of the Study (identify three-four key limitations of the study, use complete sentences)

The limitations of a study are its flaws or shortcomings which could be the result of unavailability of resources, small sample size, flawed methodology, etc. Think about three-four possible limitations for your proposed study.

Task
As a formal essay (a written argument stating a position) you are to respond to the question:
“How do ethics influence the trading of some values over others in the pursuit of a secure society?

Word Limit: 2000 words

Context:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs embodies security with safety needs as second only after
biological necessities. As a need, security has been expressed as a value (Wolfers, 1952), and
defined as those things which are important to us. However, people hold many values.
Therefore, values must be traded according to hierarchical or conflicting priorities. Baldwin
put forth a hierarchical model of values (Prime value, Core value, Marginal value) to facilitate
social trade-offs against the various values that enable society to flourish.
In the pursuit of value trade-offs, the concepts of ethics and social contract should also be
considered. Ethics are the moral principles guiding individual’s and group’s behaviour when
pursuing or conducting activities towards goals. Social contract is the view that people must
give up certain liberties for society to be secure and flourish. Consequently, values, the pursuit
and maintenance of security within a social contract framework and ethics are entwined.

Must Reference

Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5–26.
ISSN: 1469-9044,0260-2105
Wolfers, A. (1952). ‘National security’ as an ambiguous symbol. Political Science Quarterly,
67(4), 481–502.

Ethics and Global Security : A Cosmopolitan Approach
Anthony Burke, Katrina Lee-Koo, and Matt McDonald

Gendron, A. (2005). Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 18(3), 398-434. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600590945399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Vrist Ronn, K. (2016). Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 29(4), 760-784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Arnold, B.B. (2013). I spy, you spy, we all spy – but is it legal? The Conversation (Online), 21 November 2013. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/i-spy-you-spy-we-all-spy-but-is-it-legal-20540Links to an external site.
Justice, Sustainability, and Security
Global Ethics for the 21st Century Eric A. Heinze (associate professor of Political Science and International Studies)
BBC (2014). Ethics guide: consequentialism, BBC (Online). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtmlLinks to an external site.
Wilson, S. & Manolopoulos, M. (2015). Explainer: the greater good and why it matters more than ever, The Conversation (Online). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-greater-good-and-why-it-matters-more-than-ever-40643Links to an external site.
The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare : Counter-Terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics
Th. A. van Baarda and D. E. M. Verweij
Private Military and Security Companies : Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations
Andrew Alexandra, Deane-Peter Baker, and Marina Caparini
Task
As a formal essay (a written argument stating a position) you are to respond to the question:
“How do ethics influence the trading of some values over others in the pursuit of a secure society?

Word Limit: 2000 words

Context:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs embodies security with safety needs as second only after
biological necessities. As a need, security has been expressed as a value (Wolfers, 1952), and
defined as those things which are important to us. However, people hold many values.
Therefore, values must be traded according to hierarchical or conflicting priorities. Baldwin
put forth a hierarchical model of values (Prime value, Core value, Marginal value) to facilitate
social trade-offs against the various values that enable society to flourish.
In the pursuit of value trade-offs, the concepts of ethics and social contract should also be
considered. Ethics are the moral principles guiding individual’s and group’s behaviour when
pursuing or conducting activities towards goals. Social contract is the view that people must
give up certain liberties for society to be secure and flourish. Consequently, values, the pursuit
and maintenance of security within a social contract framework and ethics are entwined.

Must Reference

Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5–26.
ISSN: 1469-9044,0260-2105
Wolfers, A. (1952). ‘National security’ as an ambiguous symbol. Political Science Quarterly,
67(4), 481–502.

Ethics and Global Security : A Cosmopolitan Approach
Anthony Burke, Katrina Lee-Koo, and Matt McDonald

Gendron, A. (2005). Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 18(3), 398-434. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600590945399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Vrist Ronn, K. (2016). Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 29(4), 760-784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Arnold, B.B. (2013). I spy, you spy, we all spy – but is it legal? The Conversation (Online), 21 November 2013. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/i-spy-you-spy-we-all-spy-but-is-it-legal-20540Links to an external site.
Justice, Sustainability, and Security
Global Ethics for the 21st Century Eric A. Heinze (associate professor of Political Science and International Studies)
BBC (2014). Ethics guide: consequentialism, BBC (Online). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtmlLinks to an external site.
Wilson, S. & Manolopoulos, M. (2015). Explainer: the greater good and why it matters more than ever, The Conversation (Online). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-greater-good-and-why-it-matters-more-than-ever-40643Links to an external site.
The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare : Counter-Terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics
Th. A. van Baarda and D. E. M. Verweij
Private Military and Security Companies : Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations
Andrew Alexandra, Deane-Peter Baker, and Marina Caparini
Task
As a formal essay (a written argument stating a position) you are to respond to the question:
“How do ethics influence the trading of some values over others in the pursuit of a secure society?

Word Limit: 2000 words

Context:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs embodies security with safety needs as second only after
biological necessities. As a need, security has been expressed as a value (Wolfers, 1952), and
defined as those things which are important to us. However, people hold many values.
Therefore, values must be traded according to hierarchical or conflicting priorities. Baldwin
put forth a hierarchical model of values (Prime value, Core value, Marginal value) to facilitate
social trade-offs against the various values that enable society to flourish.
In the pursuit of value trade-offs, the concepts of ethics and social contract should also be
considered. Ethics are the moral principles guiding individual’s and group’s behaviour when
pursuing or conducting activities towards goals. Social contract is the view that people must
give up certain liberties for society to be secure and flourish. Consequently, values, the pursuit
and maintenance of security within a social contract framework and ethics are entwined.

Must Reference

Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5–26.
ISSN: 1469-9044,0260-2105
Wolfers, A. (1952). ‘National security’ as an ambiguous symbol. Political Science Quarterly,
67(4), 481–502.

Ethics and Global Security : A Cosmopolitan Approach
Anthony Burke, Katrina Lee-Koo, and Matt McDonald

Gendron, A. (2005). Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 18(3), 398-434. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600590945399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Vrist Ronn, K. (2016). Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 29(4), 760-784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Arnold, B.B. (2013). I spy, you spy, we all spy – but is it legal? The Conversation (Online), 21 November 2013. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/i-spy-you-spy-we-all-spy-but-is-it-legal-20540Links to an external site.
Justice, Sustainability, and Security
Global Ethics for the 21st Century Eric A. Heinze (associate professor of Political Science and International Studies)
BBC (2014). Ethics guide: consequentialism, BBC (Online). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtmlLinks to an external site.
Wilson, S. & Manolopoulos, M. (2015). Explainer: the greater good and why it matters more than ever, The Conversation (Online). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-greater-good-and-why-it-matters-more-than-ever-40643Links to an external site.
The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare : Counter-Terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics
Th. A. van Baarda and D. E. M. Verweij
Private Military and Security Companies : Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations
Andrew Alexandra, Deane-Peter Baker, and Marina Caparini
Task
As a formal essay (a written argument stating a position) you are to respond to the question:
“How do ethics influence the trading of some values over others in the pursuit of a secure society?

Word Limit: 2000 words

Context:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs embodies security with safety needs as second only after
biological necessities. As a need, security has been expressed as a value (Wolfers, 1952), and
defined as those things which are important to us. However, people hold many values.
Therefore, values must be traded according to hierarchical or conflicting priorities. Baldwin
put forth a hierarchical model of values (Prime value, Core value, Marginal value) to facilitate
social trade-offs against the various values that enable society to flourish.
In the pursuit of value trade-offs, the concepts of ethics and social contract should also be
considered. Ethics are the moral principles guiding individual’s and group’s behaviour when
pursuing or conducting activities towards goals. Social contract is the view that people must
give up certain liberties for society to be secure and flourish. Consequently, values, the pursuit
and maintenance of security within a social contract framework and ethics are entwined.

Must Reference

Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5–26.
ISSN: 1469-9044,0260-2105
Wolfers, A. (1952). ‘National security’ as an ambiguous symbol. Political Science Quarterly,
67(4), 481–502.

Ethics and Global Security : A Cosmopolitan Approach
Anthony Burke, Katrina Lee-Koo, and Matt McDonald

Gendron, A. (2005). Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 18(3), 398-434. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600590945399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Vrist Ronn, K. (2016). Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 29(4), 760-784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Arnold, B.B. (2013). I spy, you spy, we all spy – but is it legal? The Conversation (Online), 21 November 2013. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/i-spy-you-spy-we-all-spy-but-is-it-legal-20540Links to an external site.
Justice, Sustainability, and Security
Global Ethics for the 21st Century Eric A. Heinze (associate professor of Political Science and International Studies)
BBC (2014). Ethics guide: consequentialism, BBC (Online). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtmlLinks to an external site.
Wilson, S. & Manolopoulos, M. (2015). Explainer: the greater good and why it matters more than ever, The Conversation (Online). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-greater-good-and-why-it-matters-more-than-ever-40643Links to an external site.
The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare : Counter-Terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics
Th. A. van Baarda and D. E. M. Verweij
Private Military and Security Companies : Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations
Andrew Alexandra, Deane-Peter Baker, and Marina Caparini
Task
As a formal essay (a written argument stating a position) you are to respond to the question:
“How do ethics influence the trading of some values over others in the pursuit of a secure society?

Word Limit: 2000 words

Context:
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs embodies security with safety needs as second only after
biological necessities. As a need, security has been expressed as a value (Wolfers, 1952), and
defined as those things which are important to us. However, people hold many values.
Therefore, values must be traded according to hierarchical or conflicting priorities. Baldwin
put forth a hierarchical model of values (Prime value, Core value, Marginal value) to facilitate
social trade-offs against the various values that enable society to flourish.
In the pursuit of value trade-offs, the concepts of ethics and social contract should also be
considered. Ethics are the moral principles guiding individual’s and group’s behaviour when
pursuing or conducting activities towards goals. Social contract is the view that people must
give up certain liberties for society to be secure and flourish. Consequently, values, the pursuit
and maintenance of security within a social contract framework and ethics are entwined.

Must Reference

Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5–26.
ISSN: 1469-9044,0260-2105
Wolfers, A. (1952). ‘National security’ as an ambiguous symbol. Political Science Quarterly,
67(4), 481–502.

Ethics and Global Security : A Cosmopolitan Approach
Anthony Burke, Katrina Lee-Koo, and Matt McDonald

Gendron, A. (2005). Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 18(3), 398-434. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600590945399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Vrist Ronn, K. (2016). Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 29(4), 760-784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399Links to an external site.
Links to an external site.Arnold, B.B. (2013). I spy, you spy, we all spy – but is it legal? The Conversation (Online), 21 November 2013. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/i-spy-you-spy-we-all-spy-but-is-it-legal-20540Links to an external site.
Justice, Sustainability, and Security
Global Ethics for the 21st Century Eric A. Heinze (associate professor of Political Science and International Studies)
BBC (2014). Ethics guide: consequentialism, BBC (Online). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/consequentialism_1.shtmlLinks to an external site.
Wilson, S. & Manolopoulos, M. (2015). Explainer: the greater good and why it matters more than ever, The Conversation (Online). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/explainer-the-greater-good-and-why-it-matters-more-than-ever-40643Links to an external site.
The Moral Dimension of Asymmetrical Warfare : Counter-Terrorism, Democratic Values and Military Ethics
Th. A. van Baarda and D. E. M. Verweij
Private Military and Security Companies : Ethics, Policies and Civil-Military Relations
Andrew Alexandra, Deane-Peter Baker, and Marina Caparini

Essay rules:

1. Essay should have an introduction and a conclusion and should have a well-articulated thesis or theme statement.

2. There should be at least three separate content sections where we see describe the issue (s), define term(s), apply those to concrete / illustrative examples as well as analysis of those outcomes.

3. Must have a separate reference page with proper apa citations and good scholarly sources . Also Make sure it’s plagiarism free and in 12 font.

Essay on : Trait Theories

1. Define and discuss evolution of trait theories

2. Discuss psychological trait theories
Illustrate trait theories by highlighting programs that seek to address psychological issues related to crime. This may require research about local programs targeting psychological and personal problems of youth and adults in the community. Keep research focus in United States.

3. 1/3 to 1/4 of Paper = Analysis and Insights: of your illustrative examples