Pro & Cons of Alternative Sentencing Options

Select 3 of the sentencing options. For reference, the sentencing options fall into the following categories:
Retribution
Rehabilitation
Incapacitation
Deterrence
Restorative Justice.

THE THREE CHOSEN SENTENCING OPTIONS ARE:
1. VICTIM/OFFENDER MEDIATION
2. DRUG COURTS
3. HOUSE ARREST

In your own words, explain the principles and specific criminological theories that support the sentencing options you chose.
State the pros and cons for each of the sentencing options you chose.
Support your position for both pros and cons with real cases or real events.

Midterm essay question

Why is the adolescent period so important? Give examples of what is unique and distinctive about the period. Base your response on prominent developmental theorists’ views as discussed in class. Do not provide personal impressions.

Bentham, Kant (Theology)

Questions over Kant’s “Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Ethics” (excerpts)
1. According to Kant, what is the only thing that is good without qualification?
2.In this text, Kant defines several “imperatives” (hypothetical, practical, categorical). What is Kant’s most complete definition of the practical imperative and the categorical imperative? Hint: the former begins with the phrase “So act as to treat humanity…” and the latter begins with the phrase “Act only on that maxim…”
3. Kant thinks neither the practical nor the categorical imperative are what he calls “hypothetical imperatives.” What’s the difference between a hypothetical imperative and the and a categorical imperative? (Note that, somewhat confusingly, Kant thinks that both the practical and the categorical imperative are categorical imperatives.)
4. Kant gives two concrete examples to illustrate the moral logic of the practical imperative and the categorical imperative (they involve promise keeping and suicide). Pick one of these examples and describe how he applies each of these imperatives—the practical and the categorical–to these actions (“these actions” = promise keeping and suicide).

Questions over Bentham’s Principles of Morals and Legislation
Please note that your responses to all 4 questions should not be longer than one page (250 words, not including the questions). Answers longer than one page will not be graded.
1. What does Bentham say governs all human actions? Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
2. Bentham argues (in paragraph X) that if an action conforms to the principle of utility1, then it is the morally right thing to do. Given the way in which Bentham defines the principle of utility, do you think he would (or could) defend lying as the right thing to do. Why or why not?
3. Suppose you must decide, as a legislator or a voter, whether to spend 350 million dollars for a new hockey arena or a new hospital. In general terms, how would a utilitarian make this decision? What do you think a utilitarian would ultimately decide is the right thing to do in this case? Why? (Pay particular attention to Chapter IV of the Bentham reading in explaining the “why.”)Questions over Bentham’s Principles of Morals and Legislation
Please note that your responses to all 4 questions should not be longer than one page (250 words, not including the questions). Answers longer than one page will not be graded.
1. What does Bentham say governs all human actions? Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
2. Bentham argues (in paragraph X) that if an action conforms to the principle of utility1, then it is the morally right thing to do. Given the way in which Bentham defines the principle of utility, do you think he would (or could) defend lying as the right thing to do. Why or why not?
3. Suppose you must decide, as a legislator or a voter, whether to spend 350 million dollars for a new hockey arena or a new hospital. In general terms, how would a utilitarian make this decision? What do you think a utilitarian would ultimately decide is the right thing to do in this case? Why? (Pay particular attention to Chapter IV of the Bentham reading in explaining the “why.”)

The differing interpretations of short fiction essay

from the book “My son the fanatic” by Hanif Kureishi, identify two ways the book can be interpreted with the first way being the way you think it should be interpreted. Argue through your interpretation of the story analyzing at least two quotations. Explain the value of this interpretation. Then create a counterclain that interprets the story differently. Analyze two quotations to support this interpretation. Point out 2 potentials flaws with your previous argument or alternative interpretations of your evidence. Finally , create a refutation and explain why your initial interpretation (reflected in your thesis statement) is more accurate. Support your refutation with the analysis of at least one quotation. Conclude your essay so that your claim is successful. ICE quotations per MLA style and try to write as much about each quotation as possible

Learning-Psychology

For this assignment, you are asked to describe how you would modify behaviours using the procedures that you have learned from your textbook. From the list below, explain how you might address each through specific behaviour-modifying strategies and interventions.

Out-of-seat behaviour in the classroom
Public-speaking anxiety
Absenteeism from school

Possible strategies and interventions for behaviour modification are described in your text and while you should refer to these, you are also encouraged to reference other sources in answering each topic.

The interventions will require a within-subjects design. Acceptable procedures are as follows: Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, punishment, vicarious conditioning, discrimination training, shaping, fading, and chaining. If you choose punishment, please give a strong justification given all the potential problems associated with this method.

Although you are encouraged to speculate, such speculations should be based on a thorough understanding of the applicability of the behavioural strategies covered in the textbook. Any supporting citations should be dominated by current journal articles (i.e., primary sources). Extensive referencing is not essential and should not go beyond two to four references per topic. A list of recommended sources is given below:

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Behavior and Social Issues
Perspectives on Behavior Science (formerly The Behavior Analyst)
Behavior Analysis in Practice
Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice
Brazilian Journal of Behavior Analysis
EAHB Bulletin
European Journal of Behavior Analysis
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis
Journal of Behavioral Education
The Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The Psychological Record
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis
Behavioral Interventions
Behavioural Processes
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Behavior Modification
Speech and Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis
The list is not exhaustive, but these journals are most consistent with the subject matter of our course. Behaviour analysts certainly publish in other journals as well. You are encouraged to check with your tutors first should you choose to reference articles from other sources.

In answering each topic, you should demonstrate how you would measure the effectiveness of your intervention, and you should also consider all the factors affecting the efficacy of each procedure, as well as the possible limitations of your intervention. You should also comment on any potential difficulties in maintaining changes and how these might be overcome. Where possible, you might briefly explain the etiology of the selected problem (in learning theory terms).

You are expected to write approximately 750 words per topic, up to a maximum of 3,000 words for the whole assignment. You must discuss your topics and reference sources with your tutor before starting the assignment. This will also provide you with an opportunity to ask questions or seek clarifications.

Please use 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins all around. Primary (original and interpreted) and/or secondary citations within the text are to follow the APA format. One title page for the entire assignment is sufficient.

You are expected to submit your paper electronically in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) through the online course drop box. Contact your tutor for further instructions or to make alternative arrangements.

Your paper should be written according to the style described by the American Psychological Association (APA) in their manual:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

There is a tutorial for the 6th edition of the APA that will show you how to use the APA publication manual.For this assignment, you are asked to describe how you would modify behaviours using the procedures that you have learned from your textbook. From the list below, select three problem topics, and explain how you might address each through specific behaviour-modifying strategies and interventions.

Out-of-seat behaviour in the classroom
Public-speaking anxiety
Absenteeism from school
Learning your part in a play
Personal hygiene (one’s own or one’s children’s)
Pain management
Advertising a new toothbrush
Reducing vaping
Fear of thunder
Improving your partner’s ability to remember where they put their keys
Putting off doing this assignment
Learning a complex sports skill
Possible strategies and interventions for behaviour modification are described in your text and while you should refer to these, you are also encouraged to reference other sources in answering each topic.

The interventions will require a within-subjects design. Acceptable procedures are as follows: Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, punishment, vicarious conditioning, discrimination training, shaping, fading, and chaining. If you choose punishment, please give a strong justification given all the potential problems associated with this method.

Although you are encouraged to speculate, such speculations should be based on a thorough understanding of the applicability of the behavioural strategies covered in the textbook. Any supporting citations should be dominated by current journal articles (i.e., primary sources). Extensive referencing is not essential and should not go beyond two to four references per topic. A list of recommended sources is given below:

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Behavior and Social Issues
Perspectives on Behavior Science (formerly The Behavior Analyst)
Behavior Analysis in Practice
Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice
Brazilian Journal of Behavior Analysis
EAHB Bulletin
European Journal of Behavior Analysis
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis
Journal of Behavioral Education
The Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The Psychological Record
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis
Behavioral Interventions
Behavioural Processes
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Behavior Modification
Speech and Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis
The list is not exhaustive, but these journals are most consistent with the subject matter of our course. Behaviour analysts certainly publish in other journals as well. You are encouraged to check with your tutors first should you choose to reference articles from other sources.

In answering each topic, you should demonstrate how you would measure the effectiveness of your intervention, and you should also consider all the factors affecting the efficacy of each procedure, as well as the possible limitations of your intervention. You should also comment on any potential difficulties in maintaining changes and how these might be overcome. Where possible, you might briefly explain the etiology of the selected problem (in learning theory terms).

You are expected to write approximately 750 words per topic, up to a maximum of 3,000 words for the whole assignment. You must discuss your topics and reference sources with your tutor before starting the assignment. This will also provide you with an opportunity to ask questions or seek clarifications.

Please use 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins all around. Primary (original and interpreted) and/or secondary citations within the text are to follow the APA format. One title page for the entire assignment is sufficient.

You are expected to submit your paper electronically in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) through the online course drop box. Contact your tutor for further instructions or to make alternative arrangements.

Your paper should be written according to the style described by the American Psychological Association (APA) in their manual:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

There is a tutorial for the 6th edition of the APA that will show you how to use the APA publication manual.For this assignment, you are asked to describe how you would modify behaviours using the procedures that you have learned from your textbook. From the list below, select three problem topics, and explain how you might address each through specific behaviour-modifying strategies and interventions.

Out-of-seat behaviour in the classroom
Public-speaking anxiety
Absenteeism from school
Learning your part in a play
Personal hygiene (one’s own or one’s children’s)
Pain management
Advertising a new toothbrush
Reducing vaping
Fear of thunder
Improving your partner’s ability to remember where they put their keys
Putting off doing this assignment
Learning a complex sports skill
Possible strategies and interventions for behaviour modification are described in your text and while you should refer to these, you are also encouraged to reference other sources in answering each topic.

The interventions will require a within-subjects design. Acceptable procedures are as follows: Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, punishment, vicarious conditioning, discrimination training, shaping, fading, and chaining. If you choose punishment, please give a strong justification given all the potential problems associated with this method.

Although you are encouraged to speculate, such speculations should be based on a thorough understanding of the applicability of the behavioural strategies covered in the textbook. Any supporting citations should be dominated by current journal articles (i.e., primary sources). Extensive referencing is not essential and should not go beyond two to four references per topic. A list of recommended sources is given below:

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Behavior and Social Issues
Perspectives on Behavior Science (formerly The Behavior Analyst)
Behavior Analysis in Practice
Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice
Brazilian Journal of Behavior Analysis
EAHB Bulletin
European Journal of Behavior Analysis
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis
Journal of Behavioral Education
The Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The Psychological Record
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis
Behavioral Interventions
Behavioural Processes
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Behavior Modification
Speech and Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis
The list is not exhaustive, but these journals are most consistent with the subject matter of our course. Behaviour analysts certainly publish in other journals as well. You are encouraged to check with your tutors first should you choose to reference articles from other sources.

In answering each topic, you should demonstrate how you would measure the effectiveness of your intervention, and you should also consider all the factors affecting the efficacy of each procedure, as well as the possible limitations of your intervention. You should also comment on any potential difficulties in maintaining changes and how these might be overcome. Where possible, you might briefly explain the etiology of the selected problem (in learning theory terms).

You are expected to write approximately 750 words per topic, up to a maximum of 3,000 words for the whole assignment. You must discuss your topics and reference sources with your tutor before starting the assignment. This will also provide you with an opportunity to ask questions or seek clarifications.

Please use 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins all around. Primary (original and interpreted) and/or secondary citations within the text are to follow the APA format. One title page for the entire assignment is sufficient.

You are expected to submit your paper electronically in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) through the online course drop box. Contact your tutor for further instructions or to make alternative arrangements.

Your paper should be written according to the style described by the American Psychological Association (APA) in their manual:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

There is a tutorial for the 6th edition of the APA that will show you how to use the APA publication manual.For this assignment, you are asked to describe how you would modify behaviours using the procedures that you have learned from your textbook. From the list below, select three problem topics, and explain how you might address each through specific behaviour-modifying strategies and interventions.

Out-of-seat behaviour in the classroom
Public-speaking anxiety
Absenteeism from school
Learning your part in a play
Personal hygiene (one’s own or one’s children’s)
Pain management
Advertising a new toothbrush
Reducing vaping
Fear of thunder
Improving your partner’s ability to remember where they put their keys
Putting off doing this assignment
Learning a complex sports skill
Possible strategies and interventions for behaviour modification are described in your text and while you should refer to these, you are also encouraged to reference other sources in answering each topic.

The interventions will require a within-subjects design. Acceptable procedures are as follows: Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement, extinction, punishment, vicarious conditioning, discrimination training, shaping, fading, and chaining. If you choose punishment, please give a strong justification given all the potential problems associated with this method.

Although you are encouraged to speculate, such speculations should be based on a thorough understanding of the applicability of the behavioural strategies covered in the textbook. Any supporting citations should be dominated by current journal articles (i.e., primary sources). Extensive referencing is not essential and should not go beyond two to four references per topic. A list of recommended sources is given below:

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Behavior and Social Issues
Perspectives on Behavior Science (formerly The Behavior Analyst)
Behavior Analysis in Practice
Journal of Organizational Behavior Management
Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice
Brazilian Journal of Behavior Analysis
EAHB Bulletin
European Journal of Behavior Analysis
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis
Journal of Behavioral Education
The Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
The Psychological Record
The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis
Behavioral Interventions
Behavioural Processes
Behaviour Research and Therapy
Behavior Modification
Speech and Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis
The list is not exhaustive, but these journals are most consistent with the subject matter of our course. Behaviour analysts certainly publish in other journals as well. You are encouraged to check with your tutors first should you choose to reference articles from other sources.

In answering each topic, you should demonstrate how you would measure the effectiveness of your intervention, and you should also consider all the factors affecting the efficacy of each procedure, as well as the possible limitations of your intervention. You should also comment on any potential difficulties in maintaining changes and how these might be overcome. Where possible, you might briefly explain the etiology of the selected problem (in learning theory terms).

You are expected to write approximately 750 words per topic, up to a maximum of 3,000 words for the whole assignment. You must discuss your topics and reference sources with your tutor before starting the assignment. This will also provide you with an opportunity to ask questions or seek clarifications.

Please use 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins all around. Primary (original and interpreted) and/or secondary citations within the text are to follow the APA format. One title page for the entire assignment is sufficient.

You are expected to submit your paper electronically in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) through the online course drop box. Contact your tutor for further instructions or to make alternative arrangements.

Your paper should be written according to the style described by the American Psychological Association (APA) in their manual:

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

There is a tutorial for the 6th edition of the APA that will show you how to use the APA publication manual.

Competitive Analysis and Strategy

Please read the required case studies & articles. Write up a couple of
response bullet points per case assignment question. There are, however, no
formatting requirements, hand-in requirements, or so.
Please see the assignment section to get more details.
Students are expected to read the cases and to prepare some bullet points
with your response to the assignment questions.
– There are no formatting requirements
– The grading criteria is simple: There are several case assignments (Attention:
some cases may pop up several times).
– For each summary document uploaded you get a points. So, concretely:
o Apple PC: 4 point
o WalMart I: 2 points
o WalMart II: 2 points
o Patagonia: 8 points
o Tesla: 4 point
– Your total will be max 20 points and thus represent 20% of the final grade
– The upload has to be made latest by the evening of the day before the case
will be discussed

Maintaining Legal Means of Student Discipline: Presentation

Bullying of students by other students has become a topic for national discussion. Federal, state, and local laws have been passed and implemented to address this problem in our schools. For this week’s assignment you will prepare a PowerPoint presentation for members of the School Board in the district where you currently work or reside to introduce a hypothetical plan to help prevent bullying and keep schools safe for all students.

Include the following in your presentation:

1. Provide a historical perspective on bullying cases in America.
2. Profile the subsequent and recent federal and state laws regarding bullying. (Be sure to cite state-specific information from the chart you accessed in the pre-assignment.)
3. Outline the plan intended to help keep district students safe and discourage bullying.
4. Use at least five scholarly resources and cite specific cases from your reading to support your points.

Length: 10 slides
Notes Length: 100
Minimum of 5 scholarly resources required

https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/lawshttps://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/lawshttps://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/laws

Statistical Methods

Select a statistical approach to data analysis and locate an article or case that illustrates this statistical method.

Answer the following questions below about your article (Attached)
1. How are statistical methods similar and how they are different?
2. What is the influence of academic disciplines on the selection of a statistical method?
3. What are advantages and disadvantages of the various statistical method approaches?
4. What’s the Professional discipline of the article?
5. How does our course-designated reading for this week help you extend your analysis on statistical methods? (cited use of course readings are mandatory)
6. What was the statistical method used of the article you read?
7. What is the Philosophy of the article you read? (Identify)
8. How do you know? (philosophy)
9. Relate theory/concepts in your response

Required Reading (Attached)
Creswell & Creswell
Chapter 3 (pp. 52-74)
Chapter 8 pp. 147-156, 161-169, 172-173)
Chapter 9 (pp. 179-185, 189-198)

Citation for the article
Santos, Nunes, B., Kislaya, I., Gil, A. P., & Ribeiro, O. (2019). Elder abuse victimization patterns: latent class analysis using perpetrators
and abusive behaviours. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 117–117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1111-5

How does conflict, structural functionalism or symbolic interactionism change or reinforce the way you see a minority group such as Chicanos, Blacks, Asians, formerly incarcerated, and different abled people etc.? Be concise and direct. Your answer must be 5-7 sentences.

Answer my discussion question and reply to one of your classmates’ postings. Your responses must relate to chapters 1 and 2 readings and follow the points below:

Explain how the issue/topic affect a minority groups.
Relate it to at least one of these: issues: race, class, gender, culture, poverty, and/or social stratification.
My Question: How does conflict, structural functionalism or symbolic interactionism change or reinforce the way you see a minority group such as Chicanos, Blacks, Asians, formerly incarcerated, and different abled people etc.? Be concise and direct. Your answer must be 5-7 sentences.

The US Department of State has requested you to determine which bureau (world region) to assign Panama – Central America, South America, or the Caribbean?

I need a 3 page essay due thursday the 16th. its about whether panama is part of north, central, or south america based on culture, politics, environment, and economics

In this regard, the US Department of State has requested you to determine which bureau (world region) to assign Panama – Central America, South America, or the Caribbean?

To accomplish this task, you will need to have some knowledge of the major characteristics of the three possible regions in which Panama should belong. The textbook should provide a good beginning base of information followed by additional library and internet research. You will also need to examine the country in question in more detail and formulate the strongest arguments for why it should be part of your assigned region and not its alternatives. Thus, you will need to be familiar with the environmental, cultural, economic, and political characteristics of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean as well as learning more details about Panama.

Deliverables

You will upload the following to Canvas latest Thursday, March 16, 2023:

A map of the entire Americas indicating your regional divisions. Note that this should highlight Panama and the region you have placed it in. Make sure you correctly title the map, distinguish your regions (use color appropriately), include a compass, label significant features to enhance the relative location of Panama, and provide a legend.
A short essay of no less than three pages double-spaced justifying your placement of Panama. Do provide evidence, examples, and illustrations as appropriate. Cite your sources in a professional format.
Rubric
Regionalization Rubric
Regionalization Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRegionalization
Depiction of the country and meta-regions in terms of their environmental, cultural, economic, & political features; and justification for meta-regional membership.
15 to >13.4 pts
Excellent
• Demonstrates accurate knowledge of four principal features of the country and the regions; uses accurate examples in each case. • Convincing justification for the country’s meta-regional membership; identifies and accurately discusses four significant similarities.
13.4 to >10.4 pts
Good
• Demonstrates accurate knowledge of four principal features of the country and the regions; uses at least three accurate examples. • Satisfying justification for the country’s meta-regional membership; identifies and to some degree accurately discusses four significant similarities.
10.4 to >8.9 pts
Average
• Demonstrates inconsistent knowledge of three features of the country and regions; some examples are incorrect. • Shaky justification for the country’s meta-regional membership; identifies and may incorrectly discuss some of the significant similarities.
8.9 to >0 pts
Unsatisfactory
• Demonstrates no accurate knowledge of features of the country and regions; most of the examples are incorrect. • Very weak justification for the country’s meta-regional membership; fails to correctly discuss any significant similarities.
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeImpact of Features
Evaluation of the distinctions between the country and meta-regions.
12 to >10.4 pts
Excellent
• Accurate and very strong distinctions between the regions and county; accurate examples from all areas of regional characteristics.
10.4 to >8.3 pts
Good
• Accurate and strong distinctions between the regions and country; accurate examples from areas of regional characteristics.
8.3 to >7.0 pts
Average
• Some accurate distinctions between the regions and country; some inaccurate examples from areas of regional characteristics.
7 to >0 pts
Unsatisfactory
• Inaccurate distinctions between the regions and the country; inaccurate examples from all areas of regional characteristics.
12 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeMap
Division of the Americas into geo-political regions.
15 to >13.4 pts
Excellent
• Complete, perfect, and well-defined regional boundaries. • Aesthetically appealing based on accepted standard formats. • Neither sparse nor busy; docked legend is appropriate and aids comprehension.
13.4 to >10.4 pts
Good
• Clear and well-defined regional boundaries. • Aesthetically appealing based on the accepted standard formats. • Neither sparse nor busy; floating legend is appropriate and aids comprehension.
10.4 to >8.9 pts
Average
• Unclear regional boundaries which may/may not be precisely defined. • Aesthetically appealing based on some of the accepted standard formats. • Slightly sparse or busy; legend largely aids comprehension.
8.9 to >0 pts
Unsatisfactory
• Not clear and regional boundaries are not defined with any precision. • Not aesthetically appealing based on accepted standard formats. • Too sparse or too busy; legend is inappropriate and does not aid comprehension.
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting
Grammar, Mechanics, & Comprehension.
8 to >7.1 pts
Excellent
• No grammatical errors, typos, or misspellings; concise, clear sentence structure; wording is unambiguous. • Information is logically organized; no redundant information; logical and effective flow of ideas. • Uses five or more good sources; all sources are cited; all citations are properly formatted; pages are numbered.
7.1 to >5.5 pts
Good
• Very few grammatical errors, typos, and spelling errors; sentence structure is concise and clear; no/very few minor ambiguities. • Information is logically organized; no redundant information; the flow of ideas is logical and mostly effective. • Uses at least four good sources; all sources are cited; all citations are properly formatted; pages are numbered.
5.5 to >4.7 pts
Average
• Several grammatical errors, typos, and spelling errors; some sentence structure not concise; some minor ambiguities. • Information somewhat logically organized; some redundant information; the flow of ideas is somewhat logical and effective. • Uses at three sources; sources are not always cited; citations may or may not be properly formatted; pages may or may not be numbered.
4.7 to >0 pts
Unsatisfactory
• Substantial grammatical errors, typos, and spelling errors; wordy and awkward sentence structure; meaning not always clear. • Information within each paragraph not logically organized; mostly redundant information; ideas do not connect logically nor effectively. • Uses less than three sources or no sources at all; citations are missing or improperly formatted; pages not numbered.
8 pts
Total Points: 50

basically i want to say that panama is part of central america but i have to give reason by giving, economic, political, environmental, and cultural reasons