Applied Social Psychology: I require a detailed research proposal that must justify the research and it’s relevance to social issues. The proposal must demonstrate the ability to collect relevant date, analyze it, and use it in support of my proposal for social change.
The annotated bibilography that was submitted is below. It contains details of the research topic and references I have already sourced and I also have a document already containing relevant passages and citation information.
The document must be written in APA (7th edition) using Times New Roman 12-point font with one-inch margins all around. Primary (original and intended citations must be applied. Secondary citations, if applicable, must be applied. A minimum of 10 references must be used (8 of which must be peer reviewed). Any additional sources must be credible sources. Marking guidelines for the paper are the following:
Introduction – outline the research proposal and aruge why the line of research is important and hwo it is relevant to crrent social issues.
Review and integration of literature – give an in-depth description of past researach that is relevant to the topic. Inclde a minimm of ten primaryreferences. The reserch question must be addressed in a balanced perspective and well discussed in some depth in an integrated presentation
Proposal – propose a new research study that will address the research question; outline the research method (must be from the course); make sure it is clear why the method chosen is the best for the study.
Critical Analysis – there must be an integrated discussion of the research question, based on the sources that hae been reviewed and on your own analysis; comment on anticipated problems, ethical issues, and outcomes.
Use of APA style
Writing Skills – demonstrate excellent organization, grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Clear and logical transitions. Headings may be used to help with organization. ensure paraphrasing is complete and accurate. There must be NO plagarism and interpretation errors.
Introduction
Despite advances in general awareness about societal inequality, oppression, and racism there remains an unacceptable level of prejudice and discrimination within every level of the structures of our communities. There has been a significant amount of research completed within the social sciences regarding this topic, however it has focused mainly on individual biases and the effects of interventions designed to address those biases. This research has demonstrated limited outcomes regarding changes in prejudice and discrimination within participants thus leading to the following conclusions: 1). Addressing individual level factors regarding prejudice and discrimination is not sufficient to provide lasting individual change and 2). The failure of the existing research to address the root of prejudice and discrimination has not had the positive societal impact which it could have, as evidenced by the continuing prejudice and discrimination still occurring today. Investigating the effects of using a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach to eradicating prejudice and discrimination is a novel idea within social sciences research however it would lead researchers to better understanding the types of interventions required in order to result in lasting change and the emergence of an equal society.
Annotated Bibliography
Cadenas, G. A., Cisneros, J., Todd, N. R., & Spanierman, L. B. (2018). DREAMzone: Testing two vicarious contact interventions to improve attitudes toward undocumented immigrants. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 11(3), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000055
In the first empirical study of its kind, Cadenas et al., (2018) examined the effects of an intervention called DREAMzone, a 4-hour workshop designed specifically decrease bias of university students towards undocumented immigrants. The intervention includes an educational component as well as exposure to, or contact with, undocumented immigrants. The results of the study show positive outcomes and provide support for the assertion that multi-faceted approaches to reduce prejudice and discrimination are worthy of further exploration.
Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., & Cox, William. T.L. (2012). Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 48, Issue 6, pp. 1267-1278.
Devine et al., (2012) offer insight into the ongoing prevalence of racial disparities and summarize several strategies which had been previously studied in efforts to reduce biases and prejudice. The researchers suggest that “one-shot strategies” (p. 1266) may not be long-lasting or effective in reducing bias. At the time the paper was written (2012) the researchers had specified that there had not been any studies conducted to test interventions designed to product long-lasting and meaningful attitudinal changes. The results from this study support the basis of this proposal in that interventions with a singular focus may not provide enough change to provide lasting changes within the population.
Er-rafiy, A., and Brauer, M. (2013). Modifying perceived variability: four laboratory and field experiments show the effectiveness of a ready-to-be-used prejudice intervention. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol. 43, Issue 4, pp. 840-853.
Er-rafiy and Brauer drew attention to a gap in existing research related to stereotypes. As per their work, this gap consists of the lack of field experimentation and the need for an intervention that can be reasonably applied within societal settings. Their subsequent research thus incorporates specific elements related to both gaps which adds to the scope of the research anticipated within this proposal. Consistent results found within three experimental conditions demonstrate that even slight exposure to anti-prejudice tools alters perception to some degree. This indicates that further research is required in order to test interventions with a more in-depth focus.
Okun, T. (2021). White Supremacy Culture – Still Here. www.whitesupremacyculture.info.
Dr. Tema Okun is an educator and author who facilitates several educational initiatives regarding the topic of white supremacy, one of which is a document which outlines the concept of white supremacy, how it shows up daily, intersectionality of white supremacy, and the conditions of conditioning and colonization that fall within the concept. Within the website and the document, Okun elaborates on the characteristics of white supremacy, how these characteristics can be identified, and the antidotes for them. This source adds context to the roots of prejudice and discrimination and supports the assertion that to create interventions with lasting outcomes, research must probe far deeper than surface level and individual focused strategies.
Phillips, N. L., Adams, G., & Salter, P. S. (2015). Beyond adaptation: Decolonizing approaches to coping with oppression. In Journal of Social and Political Psychology (Vols. 3, Issue 1, pp. 365–387). PsychOpen GOLD. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.1786
The article written by Phillips et al., (2015) provides an in-depth discussion regarding the importance of decolonizing approaches to coping for oppressed people. Within the discussion, the authors make note of the lack of awareness regarding the causes of oppression and the tendency to consistently focus on individual factors for coping. This distinction draws an important parallel in relation to the proposed research in that it identifies a community-based opportunity for empowerment and identifying the sources of oppression to help alleviate the stressors faced by those who are affected by oppression. This community-based approach and addressing historical and systemic causes of prejudice and discrimination which result in oppression are foundational to a multi-faceted decolonization intervention proposed here.
Conclusion
The research summarized here lends to the need for a more dynamic and involved research study regarding effective interventions that result in lasting and continued reductions in individual, societal, and systemic prejudice. The importance of community-based initiatives, attention to the root causes of prejudicial and discriminatory attitudes, and the lack of effective and lasting results derived from existing research regarding the issue are supported by each reference thus further identifying an opportunity to conduct impactful research highlighting an intervention strategy which can be used through all aspects of society. The hypotheses regarding this research are the following: 1). Does an intervention designed around decolonization training reduce prejudice in participants? 2). Does an intervention designed around decolonization training provide ongoing and increased prejudice reduction?
